RTV3001 Exam 2 Study Guide Chapter 8 Interplay of Screen Forces Interplay of Screen Forces o Six major types of screen forces Main directions Magnetism of the frame Asymmetry of the frame Figure and ground Psychological closure Vectors o Structuring the 2 D field means making these forces work for you to show event with clarity and impact Distribution of Graphic Mass and Magnetic Force o The field can be stabilized through distribution of Vectors Stages of balance Graphic mass and magnetic force Object framing Unusual compositions Multiple screens Dividing the screen o Screen center The most stable position for any object The surrounding areas and magnetic forces are evenly distributed Generally used in news talk programs but NOT fiction o Off center o Counterweighting As soon as you move an object out of the center of the frame its graphic weight and the magnetism of the frame come into play The shot or picture may begin to look unbalanced A way to correct imbalance You can center your object through camera or object movement You can counterweight the object with another object or a graphic element with similar graphic weight Not necessary to balance a frame except in news talk ads etc RTV3001 Exam 2 Study Guide Distribution of vectors o Noseroom If a human subject is looking off screen there needs to be space between his or her face and the edge of the screen We use noseroom so we can see a little of what the person is looking at o Leadroom The same concept as nose room except for motion vectors When an object is moving on the x axis we need to provide enough room for the movement to not seem as if it will run into the edge of the screen o Why are these important Viewers become psychologically uncomfortable when it seems a subject is running out of space within the frame If a motion vector does not have enough leadroom and comes to the edge of the screen you leave a blank environment or create a tense or uncomfortable feeling in your audience o Converging vectors Two index vectors coming together to balance each other out RTV3001 Exam 2 Study Guide o Graphic Vectors Although weak the lines of graphic vectors can be used for stabilization like the hills stabilizing the Golden Gate Bridge Stages of Balance Static Balance o You don t always have to have everything in perfect symmetrical stability in order to achieve a certain balance o Can be achieved through camera movement or composition o 3 types of balance Static neutral and labile o Solid stable not going to move o A symmetrical structuring of visual elements o Graphic mass magnetism and vectors are the same or nearly the same on both sides of the screen o Often used in news and advertising not so much in fiction TV film or documentary o Notable director Wes Anderson o Dynamic Balance Neutral Balance o Graphic elements are asymmetrically distributed but still pleasing to the eye o Most fictional TV and film primarily use this RTV3001 Exam 2 Study Guide o o o Golden Section Ratio o A way to divide an artistic area into a small section and a large section to have a ratio o Division of the screen in two unequal parts by a real or imaginary dividing line 3x5 o Even though the parts are unequal objects arranged according to the golden section that is pleasing to the eye 0 61 will be in dynamic balance o Hard to use with moving images but valuable when framing static shots Rule of Thirds frame o A guideline commonly followed by visual artists used to avoid a centrally balanced o The objective is to keep the subject s and areas of interest out of the center of the image by placing them near one of the lines that would divide the image into three equal columns or rows ideally near the intersection of those lines o Used very frequently in film TV and video Ex Used in God of Love o Labile Balance RTV3001 Exam 2 Study Guide o Distributions of graphic weight frame magnetism and vectors are pushed to their limit o Viewers sense that the slightest change in distribution would cause loss of stability o The instability makes energy and graphic tension very high Object Framing o Facilitating closure o Premature closure o o How to achieve labile balance Overload one side of the screen with graphic weight Provide vectors with insufficient space to play out Constantly make high energy vectors converge Tilt the horizontal line easiest way to achieve tension o Labile balance is perceived as high energy We physically want to keep the objects from slipping out of the frame but psychologically we want to keep balance o Natural dividing lines Arrange your visual content so that the viewer can organize it into recognizable patterns Caused by improper framing occurs when the vector field within the frame entertains such easy psychological closure that the image no longer compels us to extend it beyond the screen Premature closure occurs when the upper or lower screen edge coincides with natural dividing lines Frame people so that these lines fall either inside or outside the upper and lower screen edges Include eyes tip of nose mouth chin shoulders bust waist knees and ankles o Partial on screen placement When you frame your shots your viewer will not be able to see every part of whatever object you use This requires the viewer s mind to fill in what they can t see using psychological closure Usually involves close ups and focuses on texture Example Intro of Dexter o Illogical closure When we try to make sense of the images we look at we sometimes form patterns that are illogical and should not be formed and make complete images out of elements that do not go together Special care must be taken in shot composition to avoid illogical closure situations for your audience RTV3001 Exam 2 Study Guide Graphic Blocks o In news production graphic blocks are inserted in a frame to provide up to the minute information breaking news etc o o Lower thirds The text on the bottom part of the screen that identify the speaker s name and title o Screen Within the Screen o Secondary frame A smaller frame inside the primary frame must balance Ex News graphic over the shoulder o Z axis split screen 2 screens in which both subjects are looking at the camera which insinuates conversation Used when filming in different locations for live news and needs to have similar lighting and framing o Index and motion vectors matter with multiple frames Ex The Brady Bunch intro Unusual Compositions o Can sharpen your message in a subtle and compelling way Unbalance your shot to draw
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