MAN3240 Organizational Behavior Final Exam Study Guide Ch 9 1 Formal group If a group is formed by a manager to help the organization accomplish its goals then it qualifies as a formal group Formal groups typically wear such labels as work group team committee or task force 2 Tuckman s Group Development Process i Forming Ice breaking stage group members tend to be uncertain and anxious about such things as their roles the people in charge and the group s goals 1 How do I fit in 2 Why are we here Storming i Time of testing Individuals test the leaders policies and assumptions as they try to determine how they fit into the power structure 1 Whats my role here 2 Why are we fighting over who is in charge and who does Norming what i Group cohesiveness and a feeling of team spirit is experienced because members believe they have found their proper roles 1 What do the others expect me to do 2 Can we agree on roles and work as a team Performing i Activity during this vital stage is focused on solving task problems 1 How can I best perform my role 2 Can we do the job properly Adjourning i The work is done it is time to move on to other things 1 What s next 2 Can we help members transition out A catchall term for a host of techniques aimed at improving the internal Defined as groups of workers who are given administrative oversight for Act as your own supervisor indirectly maintained by outside managers their task domains and leaders Cross functionalism 3 Team Building functioning of work groups 4 Self Managed Teams Page 1 of 13 i Specialists from different areas are put on the same team ii Take turns being the leader of the group based on who is most 5 In group traits qualified for the task Members of in groups view themselves as a collection of unique individuals while they stereotype members of other groups as being all alike In groups view outsiders as a threat In group members see themselves positively and as morally correct while they view members of other groups negatively and as immoral In group members exaggerate the differences between their group and other groups Ch 9 Powerpoint Questions 1 A search committee has been created at ABC University to hire new dean of College of Business During which stage of the group development process would the seach committee address role agreements and working as a team 2 As the new Department Chair Melvin wanted his faculty members to engage in more collaboration He decided to start by taking everyone to a Paintball course This is called 3 As Quarterback at Alabama Jay Barker won almost all of the games he started When the team was in a tough situation they trusted Barker to help them win The team s trust was built by Barker s Norming Team Building Competence 4 The work team at More 4 Babies Inc is made up of technical specialists from different areas of the company This feature of the work team at More 4 Babies is referred to as Cross functionalism Ch 10 1 Rational Model of Decision Making done to optimize Enhances the quality of decisions Makes the reasoning behind a decision transparent and available to scrutiny If made public discourages the decider from acting on suspect considerations personal advancemen embarrassment Proposes that managers use a rational four step sequence when making decisions i Stage 1 Identify the Problem or Opportunity 1 a Problem exists when an actual situation and a desired situation differ Page 2 of 13 b Opportunity represents a situation in which there are possibilities to do things that lead to results that exceed goals and expectations ii Stage 2 iii Stage 3 1 Generate Alternative Solutions a Both the obvious and creative 1 Evaluate Alternatives and Select a Solution a Ethics b Feasibility c Effectiveness iv Stage 4 Implement and Evaluate the Solution Chosen 1 a Solution should reduce the gap between actual and desired states that created the problem 2 Bounded Rationality Represents the notion that decision makers are bounded or restricted by a variety of constraints when making decisions 3 Optimizing 4 Satisficing Involves solving problems by producing the best possible solution Consists of choosing a solution that meets some minimum qualifications one that is good enough 5 Garbage Can Model of Decision Making Attempt by researchers to figure out how people make decisions 6 Perception Biases Framing Bias pertaining to losses Escalation Bias i Tendency to consider risks about gains differently than risks i The tendency to stick to an ineffective course of action when it is unlikely that the bad situation can be reversed Hindsight Bias Confirmation Bias the right decision i Occurs when knowledge of an outcome influences our belief about the probability that we could have predicted the outcome earlier i First subconsciously decide something before investigating why it is ii Secondly seek information that supports the point of view and discount information that does not Overconfidence Bias Anchoring Bias i Tendency to be overconfident about estimates or forecasts i Occurs when decision makers are influenced by the first information received about a decision even if its irrelevant 7 Judgment Heuristics Page 3 of 13 8 Decision making styles Represent rules of thumb or shortcuts that people use to reduce information processing demands We automatically use them without conscious awareness i Availability Heuristic 1 Decision makers tendency to base decisions on information that is readily available in memory ii Representativeness Heuristic 1 Tendency to assess the likelihood of an event occurring based on ones impressions about similar occurrences Reflects the combination of how an individual perceives and comprehends stimuli and the general manner in which he or she chooses to respond to such information i Directive ii Analytical iii Conceptual iv Behavioral 1 Low tolerance for ambiguity uncertainty and are oriented toward task and technical concerns when making decisions 1 High tolerance for ambiguity and is characterized by the tendency to overanalyze a situation 1 High tolerance for ambiguity and tend to focus on the people or social aspects of a work situation 1 Low tolerance for ambiguity and tend to focus on the people or social concerns of work 9 Evidence based Decision Making comes from medical community Represents a process of conscientiously using the best available data and evidence when making managerial decisions i Step 1 1 ii Step 2 iii Step 3 iv Step 4 v Step 5 1 Indentify the problem or opportunity
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