NFSC 100 FINAL A DISEASE PREVENTION HEALTH PROMOTION Definition Health A state of complete physical mental and social well being not merely absence of disease or infirmity WHO v LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH IN THE U S Listed in order of prevalence 1 Heart disease 2 Cancer 3 Respiratory disease chronic lung diseases e g COPD 4 Stroke 5 Unintentional injuries 6 Alzheimer s 7 Diabetes 8 Renal disease 9 Pneumonia 10 Suicide NOTE Make sure you know the order of at least the first 5 v DISEASE PREVENTION LEVELS 1 Primary Prevention of disease symptoms before they occur Includes avoiding environmental and biological factors that can cause disease for instance ensuring quality of air in the homes to prevent respiratory diseases so you stop the exposure to bad air i e removing the risk factor 2 Secondary Early detection diagnosis intervention and screening disease may already be present at this point 3 Tertiary Treating and rehabilitation of diagnosed patients to prevent complications disease is definitely present and has already been diagnosed for instance Diabetes and is treated actively to avoid complications v COST OF DISEASE Direct and indirect costs Listed from the most expensive 1 Cancer 2 Coronary heart disease 3 Obesity 4 Diabetes 5 Stroke 6 Hypertension 7 Osteoporosis v DISEASE RISK FACTORS Defined as a factor that increases the probability of developing a disease or health problem Some can be changed while others are non modifiable Risk factors for cardiovascular disease 1 Non behavioral Gender age family history genetics nothing you can do about these 2 Behavioral smoking high fat diet heavy alcohol consumption Sedentary lifestyle modifiable i e you can do something to change these 3 Behavior related hypertension high cholesterol stress obesity NOTE High HDL is a good thing in terms of cardiovascular disease v METABOLIC SYNDROME Risk factors 1 Abdominal Obesity large waist Circumference 2 Elevated Triglycerides 3 Low HDL cholesterol 4 High Blood pressure 5 Elevated Fasting glucose pre diabetes v FOOD INSECURITY IN THE U S Definition access by all members at all times to enough food for an active healthy life Causes Social economic and political include poverty unemployment underemployment homelessness and functional illiteracy Look up the trends of food insecurity in the US has it been going down or up v FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS Provided by the federal government states and the community 1 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program SNAP formerly Food Stamps This is the centerpiece food program in the U S for low income families a Largest food assistance program b Electronic Benefits Transfer EBT c Includes nutrition education component d As of August 2011 45 8 million persons were participating in SNAP Other programs include 1 The School lunch program Regulated by USDA a Must provide at least 1 3 of recommended energy total and saturated fat protein calcium iron vitamin A C b No more than 30 percent of the meal s calories can come from fat and no more than 10 percent can come from saturated fat c Free lunches to children in households with incomes at or below 130 percent of poverty d Reduced price lunches to children in households with incomes between 130 and 185 percent of poverty Make sure you know these requirements QUESTIONS 1 What is a risk factor Difference between modifiable and non modifiable Factor that increases probability of developing a disease or health problem Non modifiable age race gender Modifiable diet exercise 2 Which of leading causes of death in US have nutritional component Heart Disease 3 Which is the most costly disease in the US Cancer 4 What are the nutritional issues in the US Consume too much saturated fat and if cut 8 grams 13 to 10 of calories 2 3 million fewer people would have heart disease 5 What is food security How is it measured What factors determine if someone is food secure or not Access by all members at all times to enough food for an active healthy lifestyle Measured by 18 question survey that measures anxiety about food Some factors that determine whether someone is food secure or not are poverty unemployment or underemployment homelessness illiteracy mental health problems drug addiction poor health single family parents 6 Difference between entitlement and non entitlement federal program Which of programs discussed fall under each Entitlement programs Persons qualify because they meet eligibility requirements operate using mandatory funds people HAVE to receive programs aka SNAP Non entitlement programs limited by spending caps operate under discretionary funds only have enough for so many people WIC 7 Which one is the centerpiece food assistance program in the US SNAP 8 What benefits provided by School Lunch Program What are nutritional requirements for meals provided Provide free and reduced lunches Must provide 1 3 RDA for protein calcium iron and vitamins A and C No more than 30 calories can come from fat no more that 10 from saturated fat B DIET AND HEALTH v CHRONIC DISEASES Definition Persistent long term condition Recurring condition long term medical condition These diseases can be prevented or delayed with changes of diet and lifestyle pattern so they do not include diseases that occur due to infectious agents like polio etc In most cases there is an intermediate condition before they develop e g obesity causing diabetes which causes heart disease v CHRONIC DISEASES a Cardiovascular disease b Hypertension c Cancer d Diabetes e Osteoporosis v PLAQUE formation Process 1 High saturated fat diet damages the arteries plus other risk factors e g high LDL hypertension diabetes toxins from smoking some infections etc 2 The damage produces inflammation Because of the inflammation there are a lot of free radicals produced These oxidize LDL that is trapped in the arteries 3 The inflammation triggers the immune system which then sends white blood cells to the arteries to try and repair the damage 4 The white blood cells flood the arteries and try to remove the oxidized LDL but they become trapped with the LDL and become what is known as foam cells which also get oxidized o more white cells are released to the damaged areas 5 The muscles of the arteries proliferate as a result trying to heal the damage but theymix with the foam cells and become hardened areas of plaque NOTE so what happens due to plaque formation is narrowing the arteries and reduced blood flow to the heart v DESIRABLE DISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD LIPIDS HDL 60 LDL 100 Total
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