Unformatted text preview:

Natures way of condensing energy storesalso insulates/protects organsSource of calories (9 kcal/gram)Flavor and tenderness of foodSlows stomach emptying - more satiatingSource of essential fatty acids2. What are the three main types of lipids?Tryglicerides, phospholipids and sterols8. What are the desirable values for total cholesterol, HDL and LDL in our blood?Desirable values forHDL- greater than 35LDL- less than 100Cholesterol- less than 200Proteinsless of?They have less obesity, defense against certain cancers, less heart disease, less high blood pressure and prevent other diseases like diabetes etc…because these effects come from eating more fruits, vegetables and whole grains as opposed to more meatA vegetarian might get more vitamin A, vitamin C and fiberA vegetarian might get less vitamin B12, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids5. What is a vegan? What is a lacto‐ovo vegetarian?A vegan is someone that does not consume any products that come from animalsA lacto-ovo vegetarian is a person that does not consume any products that come from animals except for dairy and egg productsVitamins and MineralsHint: Use your homework assignment to study for this part.Exam 2 Review SheetLipids1. What are the functions of lipids in our bodies and in foods?- Natures way of condensing energy stores - also insulates/protects organs- Source of calories (9 kcal/gram) - Flavor and tenderness of food - Slows stomach emptying - more satiating - Source of essential fatty acids2. What are the three main types of lipids?- Tryglicerides, phospholipids and sterols3. How are lipids digested/absorbed in the body? How are they transported from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver? What happens to them in the liver? - Depends on gastric lipase, pancreatic lipase and bile acids for emulsification in digestion, lipase breaks down triglycerides into three fatty acids and monoglycerides, then in absorption the short chain fatty acids are absorbed through the portal vein, monoglycerides and longer fatty acids get repacked as triglycerides for transport in lipoproteins, chlyomicrons (transport fats from intestine to the body) and then enter lymphs and then the blood stream- They are transported from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver through the portal vein- In the liver the bile breaks down the fat so it can digested4.What are the differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in terms of chemical structure, where they are found in our diet, and their impact upon human health? - Saturated fatty acids carry the maximum number of hydrogen atoms and have no double bonds with carbon, are found in our diet in fatty foods like cream, fatty meats and cheese, their impact on human health is they lead to cardiovascular disease and many types of cancers, intake should be limited- Unsaturated fatty acids are found to have less than the maximum amount of hydrogen atoms and there is at least one double carbon bond, in our diet they are found in omega-3,6 and 9 fatty acids, they come from fish, grains, certain oils and other things, their impact on human health is they lower blood pressure, prevent blood clots, protect against heart disease, give normal growth and development in children and supports the immune system5.What is trans fat? Where is trans fat found in the human diet? Why are we advised to eat minimal trans fat? - Trans fat are fats with unusual shapes, arise when polyunsaturated oils are hydrogenated- they are found in margarines, shortenings and baked goods- we are advised to eat them minimally because they increase LDL6.What are the two essential fatty acids? Where are they found in our diet? Why is itimportant to have the proper balance of these two fatty acids in the diet? - Two essential fatty acids are omega 3 and omega 6- They are found in fatty fish, flaxseeds, grains, certain oils and fats- It is important to have a proper balance so an equal amount of enzymes can be present for processing otherwise they interfere with each other7.What is the function of a lipoprotein? List the three main types of human lipoproteins and describe the function of each. - A lipoprotein contains proteins and lipids, and its job is to transport fats around the body in blood- 1. VLDL’s, 2. LDL’s and 3. HDL’s- Very Low Density Lipoproteins: transports fats and lipids and cholesterols in the body- Low Density Lipoproteins: want them to be low because less healthy, help in the formation of plaque in arteries, be less than 100- High Density Lipoproteins: want high, scavengers of cholesterol and brings it back to the liver, be greater than 35 8. What are the desirable values for total cholesterol, HDL and LDL in our blood?- Desirable values for o HDL- greater than 35o LDL- less than 100o Cholesterol- less than 200Proteins1. What the functions of proteins in the body? How much protein does the average person need?- Build new tissue, growth and replacement of body parts, transport things in the body, create hormones and energy, create an acid-dbase balance, blood clotting and many others- The average amount needed depends on size and stage of growth of the person, 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight, minimum is 10% of total calories2. What is an essential amino acid? What are the nine essential amino acids? - An essential amino acid are things the body needs but can not produce on theirown, they copy and reproduce proteins- Isoleucine, Lysine, Leucine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine, Histidine3. What are marasmus and kwashiorkor? What causes each? What are the symptoms of each? - Marasmus: chronic inadequate food intake, not enough energy, vitamins, minerals or protein intake, person is shriveled and lean all over- Kwashiorkor: severe acute malnutrition, too little protein to support body funtions and have adema, have a swollen belly and skin rash4. Why might a vegetarian diet be healthier than that of a meat eater? Whichnutrients/dietary components might a vegetarian get more of? Which might they getless of? - They have less obesity, defense against certain cancers, less heart disease, less high blood pressure and prevent other diseases like diabetes etc…because these effects come from eating more fruits, vegetables and whole grains as opposed to more meat- A vegetarian might get more vitamin A, vitamin C and fiber- A vegetarian might get less vitamin B12, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids5. What is a vegan? What is a lacto ovo vegetarian?‐- A vegan is someone that does not


View Full Document

UMD NFSC 100 - Exam 2 Review Sheet

Documents in this Course
Nutrition

Nutrition

12 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

23 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

21 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

4 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

6 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

24 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

9 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

12 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

6 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

8 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

4 pages

Aging

Aging

27 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

47 pages

Exam #2

Exam #2

23 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

15 pages

EXAM II

EXAM II

4 pages

Exam I

Exam I

18 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

29 pages

Load more
Download Exam 2 Review Sheet
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Exam 2 Review Sheet and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Exam 2 Review Sheet 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?