Chapter 2: Nutrition Tools-Standards and GuidelinesNutrient Recommendations- Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)- provides nutrient intake goals for individuals, supply a set of standards for researchers and public policymakers, establishes tolerable upper limits for nutrients that can be toxic in excess, and take into account evidence from research on disease prevention. Consists of 4 groups (RDA, AI, UL, EAR)- Daily Values- nutrient standards that are printed on food labels and on grocery store and restaurant signs based off a 2,000 calorie diet.- Estimated Average Requirements (EAR)- the average daily nutrient intake estimated to meet the requirement of half of the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group; used in nutrition research and policymaking- Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)- nutrient intake goals for individuals; the average daily nutrient intake level that meets the needs of nearly all healthy people in a particular life stage and gender group; based onsolid experimental evidence and reliable observations- Adequate Intakes (AI)- nutrient intake goals for individuals; the recommended average daily nutrient intake level based on intakes of healthypeople in a particular life stage and gender group; based as far as possible on the available scientific evidence and educated guesswork- Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)- the highest average daily nutrient intakelevel that is likely to pose no risk of toxicity to almost all healthy individuals of a particular life stage and gender group- Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)- values for carbohydrates, fat, and protein expressed as percentages of total daily calorieintake- Balance study- a laboratory study in which a person is fed a controlled diet and the intake and excretion of a nutrient are measured- Requirement- the amount of a nutrient that will just prevent the development of specific deficiency signs- Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)- the average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy adult of a certain age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity consistent with good healthDietary Guidelines for Americans- Dietary guidelines reflect on Balancing calories to manage weight, foods and food components to reduce, foods and nutrients to increase, and building healthy eating patterns- Healthy Eating Index (HEI)- a measure that assesses how well a diet meets the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans - DGFA suggests eating more fruit/vegetables, seafood, whole grains, and fat-free/low fat milk products and wants to reduce refined grains, solid fats, added sugars, and saltDiet Planning with the USDA Food Patterns- Food group plan-a diet-planning tool that sorts foods into groups based on their nutrient content and then specifies that people should eat certain minimum numbers of servings of foods from each group- Exchange system- a diet-planning tool that organizes foods with respect to their nutrient content and calories- Solid fats- fats that are usually not liquid at room temperature and that contain saturated or trans
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