RTV 3001 Exam 3 Study Guide FOR INFORMATION REGARDING NOTES FROM THE REVIEW SESSION THAT WILL BE HELD GO TO LAST PAGE OF STUDY GUIDE Chapter 14 Timing and Principle Motions Timing time o The control and manipulation of objective time structuring of subjective o Objective time in media Total running time o Subjective time Not actual clock time but the passage of time you feel Objective Time 7 types o Clock time Precise amount of measured time always exists o Running time Length of program Feature length movie longer than 60 70 minutes anything less is a short film o Sequence time How long several related scenes run when added together running time of a sequence o Scene time The running time of a scene Scene Small part of an event that takes place in a single location within a single story time span o Shot time Running time of a shot Shot The smallest operational unit in a film or TV show time between cuts defines a shot o Story time The objective time span of a screen event the amount of clock time we are supposed to understand has passed Examples Hangover takes place over 24 hours the film Snooze Time watched in class takes place over 50 years o Real time When the story time and running times are the same length Examples Live broadcasts sports and news and the show 24 Subjective Time o Pace and Rhythm Pace Perceived speed of event Manipulating pace High low density slow accelerated motion music shot length drama amount of action and editing actual running time of shot shortening pick up pace Rhythm The flow within and among segments determined by pace of shots scenes and sequences in combination w each other Rhythm is more important when editing Trailers music videos commercials and experimental films Jack White music video o Plot time The objective and subjective time concerning the story of sequence of events how long it s supposed to take how long it feels o Character time The objective and subjective time elements concerning the character s actions and feelings o When plot character time are not in sync it can result in intensification of the scene Principal Motions Their Functions o Primary motion Event motion that occurs in front of the camera Performers vehicles any action RTV 3001 Exam 3 Study Guide o Secondary motion Camera motions such as pan tilt dolly zoom etc o Tertiary motion Sequence motion created by shot changes or transitions cut dissolve wipe etc Primary Motion o Principle indicator of an object s dynamics prevalent motion in scene o Event dependent o The position of the camera should be positioned to best capture the natural flow of primary motion don t force action o Text book Should let the subjects do the moving rather than move the camera Example It s All Right Secondary Motion o Medium dependent limited to equipment capabilities o Text book There should always be a reason for moving the camera or it will call attention to itself and away from your scene o We are completely comfortable with moving camera Example Never Catch Me Reasons to Move the Camera Secondary Motion o Follow or reveal action o Reveal landscape o Relate events A swish pan or whip pan is a quick camera motion from one subject or event to another Notable Director Paul Thomas Anderson o Induce action not extremely effective good for stills o Zoom Only lens parts are moving perceived as camera motion o Dolly Similar effect to zoom but entire camera moves closer farther from subject simulates person walking into scene Differences between zoom and dolly Depth of field field of view compression of z axis Dolly is much less distracting approximates human movement o Dollying To move the wheeled apparatus on which a camera is mounted toward or away from scene brings viewer to event o Tilt Tilting the camera up or down on its pivot point o Pedestal The camera stays level moves higher lower on pedestal o Pan The camera turns from side to side o Truck The entire camera assembly moves to one side or another o Arc Combination of truck zoom o Sequence motion o Shows progression or visual development o Transitions between shots are important elements of a show that should not draw attention to themselves Tertiary Motion Functions Types of Tertiary Motion o Cut Instantaneous change from one image to another Least obtrusive continues action establishes sequences changes viewpoints and reveals event detail Should be default transition RTV 3001 Exam 3 Study Guide o Jump cut Occurs when a subsequent shot is not sufficiently different in field or angle of view and the image seems to jump in position on screen Considered a mistake in continuity editing Can be an effective intensification device can provide elliptical editing options o Dissolve Gradual transition from shot to shot Two images temporarily overlap Great for sequence fluidity Less abrupt than a cut Can cause confusion about figure ground relationship Example Six Feet Under opening sequence o Using dissolve as a transition To link separate spaces times Example How the Grinch Stole Christmas Set up scene movie Show altered mental state Montage Example Spiderman Should be used sparingly used more commonly in the past o Fade A gradual transition to black fade out or from black fade in Fades separate scenes while dissolve links scenes Stop the pace of media use only when indicating ending or beginning o Wipe A new image seems to push off an old one off screen Shows a transition between unrelated events switches location or time Movie Director Example Star Wars wipe George Lucas o Special transitional effects Digital video effects including page turns peels melts shatters etc Have similar effects to fades indicating transition in time place Should almost never be used look very cheesy and amateur Chapter 15 Sound Sound Noise o Audible vibrations but noise is random and sound is organized o Noise becomes sound when a purpose is fulfilled when a message is transmitted by the use of it or when it is linked with a visual image Sound Integral part of video television and film whether it is music sound effects or dialogue o Film Sound sound is vital to today s film messages and new technologies such as 5 1 surround sound were created so film sound matches a film s visual power Sound developed after film film was first developed as a purely visual medium o Television Sound Sound is essential to television as pictures TV was created with sound and has never been separate TV is an audiovisual medium not strictly visual Silent TV is inconceivable from an
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