RTV Exam 2 Study Guide Chapter 8 Screen Forces Things that happen in the screen that change the perception of how people view what was in the screen Stabilizing the Field through Graphic Mass and Magnetic Force o To have the most stability you want to place your graphic mass thing in the center of the screen in order for all magnetic forces to be evenly distributed o Be able to manage your field composition on camera o Force is the pull of the frame Graphic Mass v Graphic Weight o Graphic Mass is the thing on the screen o What is the element on the screen you are working with o How big something is The larger it is the heavier we believe it to be o Graphic Weight is the description of the thing and how we perceive how heavy it is we see a car on the ground and we perceive it to be heavy if a car is on the side of the screen or in the air we perceive it to be lighter o How much you believe perceive it to weigh o Graphic Weight can be understood through the use of Color things that are warming in color we perceive to be heavier things that are darker and more saturated we believe to be heavier Orientation Where it is on the screen car on the ground is heavy Shape Location Things that are positioned vertically we perceive them to be heavier Dimension Screen Positions o Center Screen The most stable position on screen This is because the magnetic forces are evenly distributed Mainly used in news and talk shows Trustworthy o Off Center The object s graphic weight and magnetism comes into play The shot or frame may begin to look unbalanced More creative if counterweighted with another object o Counterweighting Centering your object through camera or object movement just move your camera Counterweighting the object or a graphic element with a similar graphic weight It s only necessary to do this in news talk shows and ads o Vectors You have to make sure you give the vector enough room in the shoot to develop work You can use vectors to change the composition of the scene without changing the scene Motion vectors without adequate lead room leave a blank environment without a subject and create tense and uncomfortable feelings in your audience o Distribution of Vectors Noseroom v Leadroom o Noseroom index vectors facing a wall or the shot cuts off way too close to the persons nose standing in and elevator and facing a wall As the person turns the vector becomes stronger and you need to give the vector enough room to develop o Leadroom motion vectors the subject is going somewhere but there is not enough room in the shot to be strong Need to give them enough room in the shot to give them a place to go Vectors need room to be strong No leadroom Converging Vectors out o Two index vectors coming together to balance each other Graphic Vectors o The lines of graphic vectors can be used for stabilization o Simply put it is a line o Used to balance a shot o If you have a large building on the side of your shot a bridge can balance it out o Weaker Vectors o Stages of Balance Balance does not always mean maximum stability Can be achieved through camera location or composition of shot Static balance side o Heavy big objects counterbalanced by things on the other o Nonmoving o Structuring of visual elements two buildings on either side of the screen Balance Static Dynamic balance most fictional TV and film use this stage of balance supposed to look natural o Asymmetrically distributed but are still pleasing to the eye o Supposed to look random o Narrative device o Creates more energy o Golden section Used in Dynamic Balance Move things off center but still remain pleasing to the eye Do you really want to be taking a picture of someone and have to move them to the exact point to use the golden section No I couldn t find a picture of the golden section but it is just 2 vertical lines just as in the photo below you just have to image it without the horizontal lines The figure should be located on one of the 2 lines o Rule of thirds Used in Dynamic Balance Screen spilt up into 9 squares 3 columns and 3 rows You pick points of intersection to position you subject Avoid centering subjects Notice how the bird is in the intersection of the bottom horizontal line and the right vertical line This is the rule of thirds o Labile balance The most unstable compositions that still achieve balance Push the forces to their limits Requires radical distributions of the weight Vectors are pushed to their limit Graphic tension very high Based on a tilted horizon Techniques to achieve labile balance o Overload one side o Violate every rule but still maintain balance o Provide vectors with insufficient space to place out o Tilt horizon line o High energy vectors converge High energy Tilted o Object framing Facilitating closure the human brain needs to recognize patterns and see things completely o Make sure you facilitate closure no matter what your shot is This makes it easy for the brain to set up what is going on outside of the frame o We are good at facilitating closure with geometric shapes Premature closure is a result of improper framing o This is when someone cannot imagine what is happening outside of the shot or scene Illogical closure o Form a closure that is incorrect o Tendency to create patterns even when it s not ideal o Make complete images from parts that do not go together o Take special care check the scene tree growing out of person s head Natural dividing lines are the lines you need to crop a person at so that your brain can finish the rest of the body easily o We need just enough information of the next body part in order to finish the rest of the person when cropping Eyes Chin o o Nose tip o Mouth o o Neck Shoulders Bust o Elbows o o Waist o Hemline o o Knees Ankles Partial On Screen Placement o When you deliberately crop and not show the entire picture of an object and force your audience to finish the picture Woman on the bench with her dog Crop out the woman s eyes so that you know the picture is about the dog When you take out the eyes it takes out the personality of the person So it is just a body not a person o Multiple screens Dividing the screen Secondary Screens Frames Screen within a Screen o Scott Pilgrim v The world o Used in News programs Z axis Split Screen o If you have two people looking at the camera you still accept they are having a conversation with each other having them face each other would just be weird Mainly used in news interviews Graphic Blocks …
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