Arch 250 Notes Medieval Europe I Medieval Europe Disintegration of Greco Roman culture Demise of large cities Decline of monumental art and architecture Invasion of W Europe Franks Burgundians Medieval Society o Landowners most powerful lords and knights o Peasants labor o Priests monks catholic church strong influence Christian Church in Med Society Society s priority at the time Secular representation of God s house Meeting point between heaven and earth physical rep divine reason and order Celebration of catholic mass life events weddings baptism funerals Guiding Concepts Importance of light beauty spiritual reasons of order physical rep of religious and social hierarchies reasoning math priniciples intellectual development The Romanesque Style 1000 1250 Ancient Romans imitations Revival of monumental architecture but new developments of its own Latin cross layout of church very common Steeple prominence points to heaven Churches and monasteries most common buildings Abbeys and monasteries interchangeable terms Ex St Sternin Toulouse France 1080 1120 The Gothic Style Develops in the Ile de France around Paris Gothic created in 19th cent scholars saw a course and heavy Timeline 11th 12th crusades to llberate Jerusalem from infidels 1180 1223 Philippe Auguste is King of France 1189 1199 Richarch the Lionheart King of England 1204 4th Crusade on its way to liberate Jerusalem but conquered Constantinople 1226 1270 Louis IX King of France influence in beginning of church in France St Denis missionary sent from Italy to France 1st bishop of Paris in 3rd century part of Roman Empire Executed there and martyred for his faith in Paris at Monmartre His story After being executed he was walking North carrying his head until he reached the location of his burial First chapel built by St Genevieve in 5th Cent French royal monastery from 7th 18th century A Carolingian Basilica 8 9th cent St Denis became a patron saint of France and especially French royalty in the 12th century Abbey Church of St Denis French royal monastery burial place of royalty Abbot Suger new church built under his leadership inspired by 3 things 1 Kings description of temple of Solomon Church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople writings of St Denis note the crenallations and small rose window in W fa ade Notre Dame Laon France 1155 1205 Best ex Of pure early gothic architecture Serves as the cathedral of Laon Construction of choir and transepts under Bishop Guitirde Tall interior added gallery How to read the Fa ade 1 2 Towers w open turrets 2 Arcaded open galleries 3 Central rose window flanked by lancet windows 4 More lancet windows 5 Triple portal w pinnacles Structural Elements of Gothic Arch 1 Pointed arch 2 Rib vaults 3 Flying Buttresses Elevation of the Gothic interior 1 Arcade 2 Triforium 3 Clerestory Construction of Rib Vaults Concentrates load on corners reduces weight of vault o Ribs become more elaborate and webbing become thinner cost effective over time o Ribs coorespond to structural points 6 parts sexpartite Notre Dame Cathedral Chartres France Represents Christian faith in France 4th Cent 1st cathedral at Chartres attested 9th Cent Danes burn church rebuilt 1020 destroyed by fire Bishop Fulbert builds Romanesque church Tunic of the Virgin Mary at Chartres Sancta Comisia relic given to Chartres by King Charles the Bald in 876 oriental silk cloth is encased in a reliquary made of gold and stones Pilgrims visited church to see relic hopes of salvation physical healing redemption thanksgiving Tunic survived fire in 1194 found in ruins of the crypt Rebuilding of church due to survival of the tunic Construction of the new cathedral at Chartres Most expensive and time consuming Royal Portals were carved by sculptors who came to Chartres after working at St Denis Tympana depic stories of Ascension refer to diagram of architectural plan Challenge Build a taller wider church Logistical Challenge build the aisles before the nave use tie beams to stabilize the vaults one hole visible Consistent Interior Elevation Arcade Triforium Clerestory Was one of the 1st builidings planned to have flying buttresses Interior and Exterior are directly connected Benefit of flying buttresses larger windows stained glass includes two lancets and rose in each of the nave with plate tracery Clerestory windows holy family and the saints Aisle ambulatory windows biblical stories legends of saints North transept windows Old Testament South transept windows New Testament West fa ade genealogy and life of Christ The Rayonnant Style of France radiant referes to the use of bar tracery in the windows to create a ray like arrangement of lights in rose windows Also called the Court Style royal court of Louis IX 3 Rayonnant Elements 1 Bar Tracery 2 Linkage 3 Glazed Triforium Tracery stone ribs that divide windows panels or vaults Plate Tracery masonry of wall with openings panes of glass Bar Tracery cut from long pieces of stone rose oculus and lancet windows merge Linkage of clerestory with triforium with stone mullions continuous veritical moldings visual structural connection Windows replace the solid wall behind the triforium bringing more light into the building illumination Abbey Church of St Denis near Paris French Royal monastery burial place of royalty from 7th 18th cent Mostly built under Abbot Suger Part 2 Abbot Suger west fa ade and choir and ambulatory at east Part 3 13th cent begun 1231 under Abbot Odo upper story of choir expansion of transept and nave INTERIOR Upper part of the choir and transepts was taken down and rebuilt by the St Denis Master Compound Piers cluster of vertical shafts that go from ground floor to the springing of the rib vaults Bar tracery unites the triforium w the clerestory linkage wall behind the triforium was opened to the outside and provided w windows illumination glazed View of ambulatory rib vaults and choir 7 radiating p i chapels w tracery windows stained glass Arcade with pointed arches EXTERIOR View of the apse and choir from the NE showing flying buttresses supporting the upper wall use of stained glass Exterior buttresses support upper wall Notre Dame Paris France Early Gothic Church Rayonnant Additions Choir Nave West Fa ade Larger clerestory windows flying buttresses W Fa ade towers Openwork gangway Revision of interior windows Addition of buttresses refer to diagram comparison of Laon to Paris Line tracery and openwork spandels in Rose window Pinnacles weight and stability Sainte Chapelle