ARCH 250 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Lecture 4 I. Notre Dame at ParisII. Sainte-ChapelleIII. Amiens CathedralIV. Building the Great CathedralsOutline of Lecture 5 I. Canterbury Cathedrala. Characteristics of the Early English StyleII. Canterbury v. Sens CathedralIII. Canterbury v. Chartres CathedralIV. Salisbury CathedralCanterbury Cathedral // England // 1175 – 1184“A history of English Gothic architecture in and of itself”597 Pope Gregory sends St. Augustine to Anglo-Saxon England1067 Anglo-Saxon church is destroyed in fire, replaced by a Romanesque building under Archbishop Lafranc, a Norman from Caen1096 – 1130 Addition of a 2nd transept, new choir w/ 3 rectangular chapels1170 Martyrdom of Thomas Becket1174 A fire in the town of Canterbury also destroys much of the Romanesque churchShrine of St. Thomas Becket part of new churchSelection of new builder: William of Sens (France), followed by William the Englishman1175 – 1184 Choir, Eastern transept, Trinity Chapel, and Corona Chapel (“Becket’s Crown”)1538 Tomb destroyed by King Henry VIII1377 – 1405 Perpendicular Period, Western transept and nave rebuilt by John of Hoo1491 – 1498 Mature Perpendicular, Crossing tower by John WastellThe first bishop at Canterbury, archbishop = Primate of England (now head of the Church of England)Oldest site of Christian worship in EnglandThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Very long in plan compared to more southern stylesPilgrims come for Becket’s tombEntrance: three portals on W. end  one main portal on facade, two on sides of buildingTower at W. endColumns: square piers  complex rib vaultingTrinity and Corona’s Chapel respond to memory of BecketLots of surface ornamentationDarker stone mark tops of columns, sections  longitudinal emphasisCharacteristics of the Early English Style:Alternating paired cylindrical columns and round piers support six part vaultsVaults spring from the same level as the gallery arcadesGallery has 2 sets of paired archesClerestory has a wall passageDecorative use of dark stone, “Purbeck marble” for column shafts, horizontal accentsEmphasis on horizontal, rather than vertical linesCrossing tower “Bell harry” 235’ highBuilt by John WastellPinnacles, tracery, pointed archesCanterbury v. Sens CathedralPointed archesArcade, triforium, and clerestoryCanterbury:Clerestory smaller, lets in less lightLongitudinal emphasisSens:Sexpartite vaults throughoutClustered columnsVertical emphasisCanterbury v. Chartres CathedralDouble ambulatoryRib vaults (6 Cant/4 Char)Crossing towerCross shaped crossesButtressesChartres:Has two towers  thicker wallsIs much widerHas five evenly radiating chapelsLabyrinth (?)Canterbury:4 specifically named chapels, all differentTwo transepts; not a true Latin cross form?Visually broken into 3 spaces  building historySalisbury Cathedral // England // 1220 – 1258, tower 1334 – 1380Huge crossing towerLots of external sculpture on transeptsElements of the plan:Central nave, aislesTwo transepts, tower above west crossingSquare end at east (no apse)Cloister and chapter house to south (monastery)Cloister – arcade opening onto a green space (w/ huge tree on this site), dormitories close to cathedral for 4 am prayerPointed arches with columnettes and bar tracery around cloister (Early DecoratedStyle)Chapter House – where meetings are held for the monastery or churchComparison w/ Cistercian abbey at Fontenay, France (1139 – 1147)Nave elevation: arcade  gallery  clerestoryNote string course of Purbeck stone between each elementFour part vaults spring from corbels, use pointed arch and bossesHas different vaulting in different partsWalls support vaults (no flying