Arch 250 1st Edition Lecture 18 Outline of Lecture 17I. Villa BarbaroII. Andrea PalladioIII. Villa Americo-Capra IV. Chateau at Bloisa. Great Hallb. East Wingc. Northwest WingV. Chateau at ChambordVI. Architectural Patronage un Henry IVVII. The Place RoyaleOutline of Lecture 18I. 16th c. Englanda. Henry VIIIb. Tudor and Elizabethan EnglandII. Wollaton Halla. Great HallIII. Hardwick HallIV. Inigo JonesV. Queen’s Housea. Compared to Palladio’s Piazzo Chierdicatb. Compare to Palladio’s Villa BarbaroVI. Banquetng HouseVII. Il GesuVIII. St. Peter’sThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Old St. Peter’s Basilicab. 15th c. Reconstructonc. Vatcan Obelisk16th c. EnglandHenry VIII (1509 – 1547):Act of Appeals makes Henry in charge of all secular and religious matters (easier to divorce)Act of Supremacy makes Henry the head of the Church of EnglandPersecuton of Catholics and dissoluton of monasteriesResult: secularizaton of architectureTudor and Elizabethan England:Elizabeth I (1558 – 1603)Limited influence by Italian Renaissance, more influence from Northern Europe (Netherlands)Gothic arch. Contnues through reign of ElizabethElizabeth often made visits to nobles and officials  extravagant Elizabethan country housesWollaton Hall // Nottinghamshire, England // 1580 – 1588 // Robert SmythsonGablesDecorated with Flemish strap workCurvilinear reliefsClassical façade: pilasters, balustradesKitchens and service rooms in basementSquare plan with Great Hall at centerTowers at cornersBased on design by Italian architect SerlioDerivatve of medieval castlesLong gallery for housing visitng courtersSolar on uppermost floor above Great HallGreat Hall:Wood paneling with Doric frieze (Ren. Influence)Triglyphs and metopes with projectng corniceMedieval hammer beam trusses(compare to Westminster Hall, England)Wood panelingHardwick Hall // Derbyshire, England // 1590 – 1597 // attributed to Robert SmythsonBuilt for Elizabeth, Countess of Shrewsbury (Bess of Hardwick)Sculpted her initals into the gables (ES)Each story marked by friezes projectng corniceFour storiesWindows are taller with each storyGothic idea: more window than wallGround floor: entranceSecond floor: familyTop floor: state apartmentsFlemish tapestries and painted plaster sculpture in Long Gallery and High Great ChamberInigo Jones (1573 – 1652)EnglishTravelled to Italy and Denmark (two ends of spectrum)Brought Renaissance classicism and Palladian design to EnglandInfluenced by and annotated Palladio’s Four Books of ArchitectureSet designerQueen’s House //Greenwich, England // begun 1616 // Inigo JonesBeginning of Palladian ideas in EnglandColumns (Doric, Ionic)PilastersSegmental, triangular pedimentsBalustrade (railing)FriezeString courseDentlsCorniceRustcated masonryTripartte façadeCompare to Palladio’s Palazzo Chiericat:Enclosed in English version, closed in ItalianWeatherInterior compare to Palladio’s Villa Barbaro:No illusion of depth in EnglishBanqueting House, Whitehall Palace // London // 1618 – 1622 // Inigo JonesBased on Palladian basilica formColumnsDoricIonicCorinthianPilastersPedimentsSegmentalTriangularBalustradeFriezeString courseDentlsCorniceRustcated masonryTripartite façadeBottom level is very low but stll presentHas only one interior spaceDouble cube form1630: Peter Paul Rubens commission to paint ceiling by Charles I Glorifies reign of James I, first Stuart monarchINTRO TO BAROQUE ARCHITECTUREOriginally a derogatory term for exuberant and extravagant art of 16th – 17th c.Inspires emotonal rather than intellectual response Tied to counter-reformation, going back to the churchIl Gesu // Rome, Italy // 1568 – 1576 // Giacomo Vignola and Giacomo della Porta “mother church of the Jesuit order”Central portalPairs of colossal Corinthian columns and pilastersFaçade with central doorway framed by Corinthian columns and pilastersSecond story rises above with central pediment and scrolls as seen in Church of Santa MariaSymbol of Jesuits over doorFarnesi carved above central portalDome with cupola at center behind façadeWide nave Individual emotonal partcipatonFocus on sermons and music  clear view of altarBarrel vaults above nave and chapelsExtravagantly paintedOverall scale of structures dwarfs congregatonSt. Peter’sOld St. Peter’s Basilica // Rome, Italy // 318 – 322:Built by Roman emperor Constantne over tomb of St. PeterAccommodated Christan pilgrims coming to see tomb of St. PeterEarly Christan basilican formSpiral column (peter = rock, rock on which church is standing)15 th c. Reconstructon:Many structures around: people want to be buried near itNo longer structurally sound, torn down1505: Pope Julius hires Bramante to design replacementGreek cross planNot big enough  Never built1515: Bramante dies, Raphael takes overProposed modified basilican planThen Michaelangelo takes overThen Maderno takes over1586: work resumes under Pope Sixtus VCarlo Maderno completes nave and façadeDesign leads eye upward, but dome not visibleSculptures and clocks on rooflineVatcan Obelisk :Brought to Rome in ancient tmes; triumph over EgyptansMoved to Vatcan: Catholic triumphInscripton: “Behold the Cross of the Lord! Flee adversaries, the Lion of Judah has conquered.”Cross added to