Arch 250 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Lecture 12I. Fatehpur Sikria. Tomb of Salim ChristII. Taj MahalIII. Principles of Chinese ArchitectureOutline of Lecture 13I. Ancient Chinese CitesII. Beijinga. Tiananmenb. Temple of HeavenIII. Great Wall of ChinaIV. Yoshimura HouseV. MinkaVI. Japanese CastlesVII. Egret’s CastleVIII. Katsuraa. Old PalaceAncient Chinese CitiesKao Gong Ji (The Artificer’s Record = Confusian principles in city planningWalls on each side3 gateways in each wall with streets coming from each creates a grid9 avenues going each wayAncestral templeAltar of EarthPalaceSurrounded by wallsClose to temple and altarWidest street runs N-S and leads to palaceMarket (N)Cardinal PointsBeijing, China // 1153 – 1215 (Ming Dynasty)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Mongol Capital  Ming Emperors evict Mongols  capital of Ming DynastyOuter city to SouthInner CityImperial CityForbidden City: restricted to imperial family and adminAuspicious number: originally 9999 roomsEntrance to palace at South through Tiananmen GateEntrance to Forbidden City begins at Meridian GateSurrounded by wall and moatGuardian figures like lions and tortoisesHall of Supreme Harmony: tallest  most important; administratve hearthUse of tmber: traditons, roots, naturalPreserving Harmony  Middle Harmony  Supreme HarmonyImperial Altars outside Imperial CityAltar of HeavenAltar of AgricultureAltars of Earth, Sun, Moon, and SilkwormsTiananmen:5 marble bridges with phoenix and dragon imageryRed and gold as dominant imperial colors, restricted to othersTemple of Heaven:Built 1420, later restoredSacrifices made by emperor at winter solstceIncense, jade, silkCircular Mound or Altar of Heaven  Imperial Vault of Heaven  Hall for Prayer for a Prosperous New YearSquare enclosure symbolizes earth (circle symbolizes heaven; heaven and Earth meet here)Vault of HeavenTablet of heavenly deityConical roofHall for Prayer for a Prosperous New YearRaised on three terraces like Altar of Heaven3 roofsImportance: tallest, last buildingGreat Wall of China // 3th – 17th c.4000 miles longBegun by Qin Dynasty, expanded by MingCrenellatons and WatchtowersJAPANESE ARCHITECTUREMinYoshimura House // Osaka, Japan // ca. 1620Minka = rural wooden houseWood, steep thatch and tle roofStucco wallPlan:Open area with dirt floor and hear (doma)Living quarters with wooden flooring (took)Design based on tatami, rice-straw matSliding doors and interior wallsTokonoma: sitting room with recess displaying artstc objects, reserved for upper classesMinka // Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan // 19th c.Thick thatch roofs (8-10’) last 40 yearsFire contnuously burns, smoke sets tmbers and moisturizes thatchOpen hearth = iroriJapanese Castles16th – 19th centuriesFeudal societySymbols of military/politcal strength Main tower = tenshuEgret’s castle // Himeji, Japan // 1609Multple GatewaysHidden spaces for attackNooks for guns and arrowsDisorientng pathMany walls and moatsResidences in outer ringTenshu and four towers at centerTenshu:Seven storiesLooks like giant white bird taking ofTimber joined w/ mortse and tenon jointsTile roofKatsura Imperial Villa and Tea Houses // Kyoto, Japan // ca. 1616 – 1660Retreat for branch of imperial familyOpen tmber frameFour garden pavilionsOpen-air shelterBuddhist chapelPondJapanese Stroll GardenBuildings blend into landscape, one with natureOld Palace:Shoin stylePost and lintel designCypress bark shingled roofDeliberately rustc, not meant to impressRaised of ground for floodingDecorated interior with fusuma (screens) tatami mats, tokonamaGarden and pond seen from villa: Moon-viewing