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TAMU ARCH 250 - Italian Renaissance
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Arch 250 1st Edition Lecture 14 Outline of Last LectureI. Ancient Chinese CitiesII. Beijinga. Tiananmenb. Temple of HeavenIII. Great Wall of ChinaIV. Yoshimura HouseV. MinkaVI. Japanese CastlesVII. Egret’s CastleVIII. Katsuraa. Old PalaceOutline of Current LectureI. Early Renaissance ArchitectureII. Marcus Vitruvius PollioIII. Filippo Brunelleschia. The TrinityIV. Florence CathedralV. Ospedale degli Innocenti VI. San Lorenzoa. Old SacristyVII. Pazzi ChapelCurrent LectureRenaissance: “The revival of the arts and high culture under the influence of classical models…”Humanism: “…in the fine and applied arts by creative response to Roman and Greek artifacts or principles.”Oxford English DictionaryEarly Renaissance ArchitectureInspired by Classical (Greek and Roman) ArchitecturePantheon (Rome, 118 – 128)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Eventually became a church – adaptive reusePatronage in art and architecture – churches are built by “the Church”Architect as a profession emergesMany Classical details like friezes and column capitalsMarcus Vitruvius PollioWrote the most important source of information on Renaissance architectureDe Architectura/The Ten Books on ArchitectureRoman architect/engineerSource for understanding Classical conventionsInfluence on Leon Battista Alberti in 15th century  De re aedifictoria (On the art of building)Filippo Brunelleschi // 1377 – 1446Huge impact on Florence, Italy“Father of Renaissance architecture”Trained as goldsmith  lost competition for Florence Baptistery doors in 1401  travelled to Rome  served on advisory committee for architecture and planning of the city“Sacrifice of Isaac”Made advancements in understanding of linear perspective with MasaccioThe Trinity // Masaccio // Santa Maria Novella Florence // 1425 – 1436Attempt at recording a three-dimensional architecture form in two dimensionsFlorence cathedral (Santa Maria del Fiore)// Florence // 13th – 14th c. // Brunelleschi1369 – 15th c. Political strife slows construction1418 Competition to design a way to make the dome1436 Dome completedDistinctive White marble with green inlayRed tiled domeNo arches or flying buttressesSolution to Dome: Radial and concentric ribs are double shelled to reduce load and outward thrustInterior and Exterior shells made of herringbone-patterned bricks: support themselvesKinds of Ribs:8 sandstone ribs rise from 8 points of dome – structural16 intermediate ribs9 horizontal ribsStone at base, brick moving up35 chestnut timbers at base banded with straps and bolts  continuous tension ring resists outward thrust of domePaintings cover interior of the domeConstruction technique: portable centering “put log or put hole” where scaffolding timbers are insertedBrunelleschi most known for engineering skills at the timeLeonardo da Vinci was an apprentice on site at the timeHoles on outside of dome: originally meant to provide light to let light into staircase and moisture escapeOspedale degli Innocenti (Foundling Hospital) // Florence // Brunelleschi // 1421 – 1444Designed 1419Terracotta medallions added by Andrea della Robbia with swaddled babies added laterCivic patronage by merchants: established and funded by Guild of Silk Manufacturers and Goldsmiths; giving back to the cityConsidered “first building of the Renaissance” due to application of classical design principles to new building typeModular design: distance between columns (intercolumniation)20’ square with half circle on top creates each module or baySail vaults in each bay: completely smooth; like a dome on pendentives but unified in shapeCorbelled brackets support semicircular arches on back wallPietra SerenaArcade may have been inspired by S. Miniato al MontePortico on street provides shelter  transitions into central buildingBoys and Girls sidesCentral courtyard with huge mobile in centerVaults are now groin vaults, still using corbelled brackets(Sail to groin vaulting; exterior, open sky to interior of building)S. Lorenzo // Florence // Brunelleschi // 1421 – 14281442 – 1470 completed by Michelozzo di Bartolomeo1524 Laurentian Library begun by MichelangeloMedici parish churchModular plan: single bay of aisleMuch more geometric and restrained than gothicDome on pendentivesRounded archesFlat wooden roofMathematical rhythmOld SacristySacristy: room where vestments are sacred vessels are storedCentral plan defined by circle and squareSome Medicis buried hereSquare plan: cube with pendentives domeMain wall: 2 horizontal zones, 3 vertical domesPietra serena entablatureClassical pilastersDecorations added by later Medici patrons (i.e. Medici coat of arms)Pazzi Chapel // Florence // Brunelleschi (att.) // 1430 – 1433May have originally meant to have a domeNext to Basilica of Santa CroceFaçade has appearance of a Roman Triumphal ArchTriumph of ChristianityCentral doorwayPlan: round “dome” above square planCorinthian pilastersPietra serena archesEntablatureDome on


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TAMU ARCH 250 - Italian Renaissance

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