Arch 250 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Lecture 2 I. Abbey Church of St. Denisa. St. Denisb. Abbott SugerII. Notre Dame at Laona. Notably Gothic elementsOutline of Lecture 3 I. IntroductionII. Notre Dame at LaonIII. Notre Dame at ParisIV. Notre Dame at Laon v. ParisV. Notre Dame at Chartresa. Tunic of the Virgin Maryb. Challengec.Interior v. ExteriorVI.St. Etienne CathedralVII. Rayonnant style in FranceVIII.Abbey Church of St. DenisIntroduction: architectural and cultural contextAn arch extended in a line (longitudinally) is a vaultAn arch rotated is a domePatronage and architecture considered an act of faith, expression of the society that built themNotre Dame at Laon, France // 1155 – 1205 // CONTINUEDSexpartite rib vaults and pointed arches above naveNotre Dame at Paris, France // 1150 - 12251150 - 55 Bishop Maurice de Sully begins construction of new cathedral to replaceThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.earlier basilica1163 Construction of choir1178 Construction of nave1200 - 50 Construction of western facade1225 Larger clerestory windows added to interiorFlying buttresses added to exterior18th c. Great damage during French Revolution; thought the “Gallery of Kings” (depicting Biblical kings) on facade were French kings and they were destroyedThree great portals —> gallery of kings —> rose window —> two bell towersAisles —> gallery —> rose windows —> clerestory (added 13th c. to let more light in)Altar in crossing squareVery steeply pitched roof (wooden, acoustics)Notre Dame at Laon v. ParisSimilarities: transept, three portals, towers on Western frontDifferences: Paris has ambulatory, chapels extending all around churchChapels were usually funded by people/guilds/businesses – expression of communityNotre Dame at Chartes, France // 1194 - 12304th c. First cathedral at Chartres attested9th c. Danes burn church, rebuilt1020 Early medieval church destroyed by fire1020 - 1037 Bishop Filbert builds Romanesque church1134 Construction begins on a new western facade called the royal portalJune 10, 1194 Fire destroys church and town, west front survived1194 - 1230 Construction of gothic cathedral at ChartresTunic of the Virgin Mary:“Sancta Comisia”Relic given to Chartres by King Charles the Bald in 876Oriental silk cloth encased in reliquary made of gold and precious stonesPilgrims would visit church for relicFollowing the fire that destroyed church, sacred tunic was carried out unharmedConstruction:Stained glass windows actually show transporting of stone (expensive, timely)Masons employed to shape each block, marked with distinctive symbol to be paid“mason’s mark”Royal portals (big surprise)left: Ascensioncenter: Apocalypse with Jesusright: Incarnation of Virgin MaryWestern portals —> long nave —> aisles around sides —> deep and wide transepts —> deep choir —> ambulatory and radiating chapels at eastChallenge: build taller and wider than everSoissons (30m) —> Chartres (46m, widest) —> Amiens (42m)How to build the aisles before the nave? Tie beamsInside: arcade —> triforum —> clerestoryOutside: aisles —> buttress —> flyer (crypt beneath)One of first churches planned from beginning with flying buttressesBenefit of flying buttresses: larger windowsTwo lancets and rose in each bay of nave with plate traceryFour part rib vaultsPeter Kidson: arch is just a frame for stained glassInterior and exterior directly connected: clerestory windows holy family and the saintsaisle/ambulatory windows biblical stories, legends of saintsnorth transept old testamentsouth transept new testamentwest facade genealogy and life of Christ (Tree of Jesse)Holes in walls with cisterns collect rainwater to clean floorSt. Etienne Cathedral at Bourges, France // 1195 - 1250Presents a contrast with ChartresBourges ultimately used less stone —> less costTriangular supports repeatingOuter aisle is shorterInner aisle taller“Pyramidal section”Ends up being kind of dark inside, backfireSexpartite rib vault, not that popular, no one copies itFive portals due to double aislesBar tracery supports stained glass of windows (instead of plate tracery)Rayonnant Style in FranceRayonnant means radiant, refers to use of bar tracery in windowsAlso called court style, associated w/ royal court of Louis IXThree rayonnant refinementsbar tracerylinkage - use of continuous vertical moldings to provide visual and structural connectionglazed triforum - windows replace solid wall behind triforum, more lightBeauvais Cathedral collapsed, structural limit of Gothic Rayonnant styleAbbey Church of St. Denis (Royannant addition)Renovations of 1231-1281Upper part of choir and transepts taken down and rebuilt by the Saint-Denis MasterCompound piers consisting of a cluster of vertical shafts start at the floor and extend upward to the rib vaultsBar tracery and buttresses addedWall behind triforum opened (glazed triforum)Culmination of Suger’s vision (Lux