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TAMU ARCH 250 - Height of Gothic Architecture and Gothic Construction
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Arch 250 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Lecture 3 I. IntroductionII. Notre Dame at LaonIII. Notre Dame at ParisIV. Notre Dame at Laon v. ParisV. Notre Dame at Chartresa. Tunic of the Virgin Maryb. Challengec.Interior v. ExteriorVI.St. Etienne CathedralVII. Rayonnant style in FranceVIII.Abbey Church of St. DenisOutline of Lecture 4 I. Notre Dame at ParisII. Sainte-ChapelleIII. Amiens CathedralIV. Building the Great CathedralsNotre Dame, Paris // 1150 – 1225 // CONTINUEDSeat of the Bishop of Paris, residence of dutiesLate 13th c. Chapels added between buttresses around church —> less stone, more glass, more light, more space13th c. Rayonnant styleExtension of transept arms (Jean de Chelles)1260 South transept (Jean de Chelles, complete by Pierre du Montreuil)Rose window is ~13 m in diameter, lower openwork spandrelsTriangular pieces of stone between square frame and round window transfer Weight from center to sidesTrefoils around windowSouth transept extends These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Doorway of St. Etienne (Stephen)ca. 1260Note extension of transept by width of one bayLancets between rose window and portalBlind tracery on interior of transept used as wall decoration to make lancet for continuitySainte-Chapelle // Paris, France // 1243 – 1248Where the king of France goes to servicesNot meant to accommodate huge congregationsBuilt by Louis IX as part of royal palace in Paris to hold important relics and serve as a propaganda statementDisplay his devotion to godInterior nave: no apse, no chapelsSpireStructured like a compact rectangleLouis collects relics:Crown of thorns, a nail used in the Crucifixion, and a fragment of the true crossUses contreforts instead of flying buttresses to support the wallIron tie-rods built into the masonry to link buttresses and support the stained glass windowsTwo stories: ground floor chapel for household servants, and an upper chapel for the royal familyVery dark level 1/ basement space for servantsPointed arches and rib vaults painted with red, blue and gold, and fleur de liSome small stained glass windowsEvidence Gothic cathedrals were painted insideSecond/Main level accessed separatelyEvolution in material, techniqueStatuaryApostles between windowsRelief with crown with fleur de lis (crown of France) and crown of thorns being offered to ChristStained glass view of interior, upper chapel figure of Louis carrying the relic of the crownAmiens Cathedral // Amiens, France // 1220 – 1288Held relics (most famously from Saint John the Baptist)Earlier church burned in 1218Funding came from cathedral’s agricultural estates and from the city’s important trade fairs1220 – 1236 Lower parts built1258 – 1288 Upper choir reworked afterBuilder: Robert de Luzarches (d. 1236) succeeded by Thomas de Cormont, and his son RenaudBuilding the Great CathedralsMedieval manuscripts diagram temple of Solomon, used proportions for the cathedralsStones cut on natural fault linesManuscripts also depict construction techniques:Squirrel cage lifts 6x a person’s weightMortar: burnt limestone and sandSlow drying, can take over a thousand years —> pressure of the entire structure is what keeps stone in placeOriginally the only way to build tall was to build big: no light, really bulkySt. Denis:Abbott Suger calls it modernMany critics  “goths”  gothic architectureTemple of SolomonLight a symbol of GodLight as a “building material”Walls mostly glassMany early Gothic cathedrals have Romanesque elements due to evolutionWooden frames support arches before taken awayRound Roman arch: stress line pushes columns apart  sag in middle  collapsePointed Gothic arch: guides stress lines more downward than outwardStill tends to slide outward  flying buttresses createdAdvances in metal: monks make water wheel and hydraulic hammer to hammer hot metal more quicklyAmiens:1220Built in shape of cross like most othersEnormous 12-story central bayBay arch showing signs of stressBuilders placed flying buttress too high  lower one placed 2 c. later but still no support at bottomRed hot chain link placed inside walls all around interior of building to let it contract“Medieval band-aid” or


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TAMU ARCH 250 - Height of Gothic Architecture and Gothic Construction

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