Arch 250 1st Edition Lecture 23 Outline of Lecture 22I. AltemuseumII. Technological Advancements of the 19th centuryIII. Joseph PaxtonIV. Crystal PalaceV. Brooklyn BridgeVI. Gothic Revival in FranceVII. Developments and Divergent Approaches in 19th c. Architecturea. Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufacturesb. Gustave EiffelVIII. Ecole des Beaux Arts IX. Bibliotheque Ste. GenevieveX. L’OperaXI. Statue of LibertyOutline of Lecture 23I. Paris International Exposition of 1889II. Eiffel TowerIII. 19th Century EnglandIV. Sir Charles BarryV. Houses of Parliamenta. House of LordsVI. Highclere CastleVII. Trinity ChurchVIII. Arts and Crafts Movementa. John Rushkinb. William MorrisIX. Red HouseX. Art NouveauXI. Metro EntranceXII. Church of the Sagrada FamiliaParis International Exposition of 1889These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Expressing idea of liberty and new technological developmentsCompetition to create tallest building on earthJust had to be made out of ironEiffel Tower // Paris // 1889 // Gustave EiffelOpenwork trussesMasonry foundation15000 pieces of ironTeam of 40 draftsmen150 craftsmenPieces are prefabricated and brought to the site26 month construction periodLocation: Chaillot HillLater used as a radio towerInitially dislikedTallest building in the world until Chrysler Building19th Century England: Gothic Revival and Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin(1812 – 1852)GoldsmithConverted to CatholicismPromoted Gothic architecture as an expression of spiritualityValued craftsmanship over industrial productionThe True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architecture (1841)Contrasts; or, a Parallel Between the Noble Edifies of the 14th and 15th Centuries, and Similar Buildings of the Present Day; Shewing the Present-Day Decay of Taste.Illustrated the same town across 400 years and its industrial transitionDisapproved of poor housesSir Charles Barry (1795 – 1860)DraftsmanGoes on Grand tour of France, Italy, Greece, Constantinople, Syria, and EgyptAdapts classical themes to modern productions, wins bids and competitionsHouses of Parliament // London, England // rebuilt 1836 – 1868 // Barry and PuginBarry responsible for planHouse of Commons on one side, House of Lords on the otherPatron saints of British isles and allegorical statues of Justice and MercyBlind tracery decorates exteriorHeraldic lions: monarchyStatues above portalsLife sized statue of Queen VictoriaElizabeth Tower design by PuginDifficult to install with Gothic designHouse of Lords:Clerestory windows and pointed archesAllegorical paintings related to British historyNot chairs or tables but benchesLeaders at centerThrone for monarch at opening of ParliamentHighclere Castle // England // 1837 – 1850Renovated by Barry for Henry John George Herbert, 3rd Earl of CarnarvonAnglo-Italianate style resembles an Elizabethan country houseBorrows from Elizabethan styleReminiscent of Wollaton Hall in NottinghamshireTrinity Church // NYC // 1839 – 1846 // Richard UpjohnSmall Gothic revival church in the middle of modern ManhattanUpjohn admired PuginEpiscopalianBased on English Decorated GothicDark brick materialSteepleCeiling vaults of wood and plaster, not stonePointed and decorated English style traceryStained glass windows over alter earliest in the USArts and Crafts MovementMovement promotes craftsmanship over industrial production; society must consciously do thisUniversal accessJohn Ruskin:The Seven Lamps of ArchitecturePromotes historical styles; like PuginOpposed industrial production; low standard of living created by manufacturersDecline of social values and artistic qualityWilliam Morris:Followed John RuskinRaised social consciousnessIdea that design can benefit peopleBeautiful and practical design = better, comfortable lifeMorris and CompanyRed House // Bexley Heath, England // 1859 – 1860 // Philip WebbBuilt for William MorrisLocal materials (vernacular): brick, slate tile roofLittle reference to classical or Renaissance, imitates local and traditional forms insteadFeels more as if it grew than if it were builtInterior designed by William Morris and friendsWindows have hand painted glass with heraldic formsNatural materials, artistryFirst floor: drawing roomHuge brick fireplaceMedieval paintingsArt NouveauPrimarily decorative style of late 19th to early 20th centuriesStarts in EuropeFree-flowing compositionsVibrant organic qualityUses new materials (iron)Victor HortaHector GuimardAntonio GaudiLouis SullivanMetro Entrance // Paris, France // 1899 – 1904 // Hector GuimardBeautiful but practical entranceDraws attention to a subterranean train in the middle of a cityFloral quality rendered with wrought iron and glassFont expresses principles of movementGuimard studied at Ecole des Beaux-Arts, influenced by HortaChurch of the Sagrada Familia // Barcelona // begun 1882 // Antonio GaudiGothic influences combined with Art NouveauCatalan ModernismCatalonia independent from SpainCatalan identity looking to futurePlan is a Latin cross with nave, aisles, transepts, choir, chapelsEastern façade is almost transparentHighly decorative portals below towersSouthwestern façade is a much more modernist approach“The Passion”Statues by Joseph Maria SubirachsRepresents twelve Stations of the CrossGaudi died in 1926, project still