Arch 250 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Lecture 6 I. Lincoln Cathedrala. Angel ChoirII. Ely Cathedrala. Lady Chapelb. Crossing TowerIII. Westminster HallIV. Westminster AbbeyV. King’s College Chapel Outline of Lecture 7 I. Houses in the Middle Agesa. Medieval Manor Houseb. TownhousesII. Castles in Medieval EuropeIII. Medieval CitiesHouses in the Middle AgesMedieval Longhouse :Local building materials and techniquesDesign determined by climate, functionA reflection of social standingMaterials: wooden supports, thatch roofMost common form of habitation in countrysideSustainable and renewablePoor light and ventilationMedieval Manor House :Central hall with hearth was main living space for eating and entertainingSolar was a private room on upper floor reserved for familyDisplay of wealth, hospitalityMaterials: timber, wattle, and daubLandowners with greater wealth, high social status would live in a manor houseThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Boothby Pagnell // Lincolnshire, UK // manor house // ca. 1180Fortified manor house built of stoneGround floor has vaults, was used for storageSolar on floor aboveProbably built for a Norman knight and familyDefensible structureOnly one entranceVery thick wallsTownhouses:Shop on ground floor, living quarters above kitchen in courtyard at backMerchants, businessmen, craftsmen, would live in theses townhouses as part of the growing urban population  middle classMade of stone with glass windowsConstruction details that we have been in medieval churches pointed arch colonnettes, between windows, Lombard bands above windowsHouse // Worcester, England, UK // ca. 1500Tudor styleHalf-timber construction (timber frame with wattle and daub, plaster or brick infill)Shop on ground floor, living quarters aboveNotice how it is taller than it is wideSmaller plot of land, compact urban designFlammable materials and densely packed buildings often contributed to spread of fires in citiesMedieval House // Cluny, France // 12 th centuryCa’d’Oro // Venice // 1421 – 1440Built for a wealthy merchantDecorated in the Venetian Gothic styleFaçade facing the water is decorated in the Venetian Gothic style with a ground floorLoggia: ornate collonnadesGalleries on the second and third floorsNote use of variety of arch shapes, tracery, and sculptureExterior was said to have been covered in gold leaf, hence its name, the House of GoldHouse type is called a palazzo-fondaco, and was built for a wealthy merchantBottom floor is a warehouseLocated on canals for visibility and practicalityProtected by walls; also a businessPiazza San Marco // Venice, ItalyDoge’s Palace, 1309 – 1424Both a residential palace and the seat of Venetian govt.Its style is a mix of Gothic and Byzantine1204: Constantinople was captured by crusaders, including Venetians, during the 4th crusadeGround floor loggia with pointed archesSecond floor gallery with ogival arches and traceryWall above decorated with white and rose colored marble in diaper (diamond) patternSculptural program inspired by Gothic churches, including allegorical figures (Justice) andfigures from the Old Testament (Adam and Eve)(compare to Lady Chapel of Ely Cathedral or Salisbury Cathedral)Castles in Medieval EuropeCastle Acre // Norfolk, England // 12 th centuryMotte-and-bailey (mound and open area) defensive designEstablished in England at time of Norman conquest and followingGain power and keep it tooHills and Pits make it hard for catapults and siege ladders to approachLandscape is significant in fortificationWhite Tower (Tower of London) // London, England // 1078 – 1080Built by William the Conqueror and sons following Norman victory at Battle of Hastings in 1066Three story masonry keepSt. John’s Chapel on third floorRubble masonry with buttressingSt. Thomas Tower // London // late 12 th -13 th centuryThe Louvre // Paris, France // 1180 – 1223 Keep built by Phillippe Auguste14th c. Charles V made additionsExcavations in the Cour Carree (Square Court) from 1983 – 1985 uncovered remains of the medieval castleLike the White Tower in London, the Louvre was built next to the city wall and the river SeineIntended to provide a defense for the city of Paris. Outer wall protected by ten towers, and an interior keep (The Large Tower)Krak des Chevaliers // Syria // 12 th centuryBuilt by the Knights Hospitallers on the site of an earlier castleOne of a series of Crusader castles built to protect the Holy LandTwo concentric lines of defense, inner and outer rampartsOuter curtain has eight round towersNot a direct route, very confusing, intruders can be ambushedMoatsWithin the fortress walls are storehouses and cisterns, wait out a siegeGreat Hall with vaulted ceilingsPointed arches and plate tracery hearken back to European design in secular structureNever taken by forceMedieval CitiesTowns were centers of economic prosperity, also targets during warFortifications intended to provide defense, regulation of tradeCarcassonne, France // 800-1300City dates back to 9th centuryWalls built by Louis IX, 1248 1290Weapons of medieval warfare included battering rams, catapults, siege ladders or towers, and bows and arrowsArchitecture designed to allow defenders to shoot from within towers and along platforms usingarrows and catapults, and to dump stones or boiling liquids on persons trying to undermine or scale the wallFire and plague were significant problemsGalleries on tops of wallsLouis IX also built a bastide in the valley opposite castle to encourage trade and commerceRectangular (orthogonal) grid planCentral MarketplaceEncourage trade between farmers outside city and travelling