Arch 250 1st Edition Lecture 19 Outline of Lecture 18I. 16th c. Englanda. Henry VIIIb. Tudor and Elizabethan EnglandII. Wollaton Halla. Great HallIII. Hardwick HallIV. Inigo JonesV. Queen’s Housea. Compared to Palladio’s Piazzo Chierdicatb. Compare to Palladio’s Villa BarbaroVI. Banquetng HouseVII. Il GesuVIII. St. Peter’sa. Old St. Peter’s Basilicab. 15th c. Reconstructonc. Vatcan ObeliskOutline of Lecture 19I. Gianlorenzo BerniniII. St. Peter’s Basilicaa. BaldacchinoIII. KarlskircheThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.IV. Die WiesV. VierzehnheiligenVI. Castle of the Louvrea. East FacadeVII. Versaillesa. South Wingb. Chateauc. GardensVIII. Christopher WrenIX. St. Paul’s CathedralGianlorenzo Bernini (1598 – 1680)Educaton directed by Pope Urban VIII1629 – 80: official architect of St. Peter’s Basilica1624 – 33: constructon of Baldacchino1656: colonnade and piazza builtSt. Peter’s Basilica // Rome // 1506 -1612Baldacchino :Commissioned: Pope Urban VIIICanopy over Peter’s tomb supported by bronze twisted (Solomonic) columnsBarbernini family (family of the Pope) patronage: laurel leaves, bees, and cherubs on columns; parts of Bernini coat of armsChair of St. PeterColonnade around piazzaPreviously just put out canopies, didn’t protect worshippers from bad weatherBernini’s “mother church” idea: arms of the mother church welcoming the faithful, faithless, and heretc into its arms3 aisles: 2 for pedestrians, central for vehiclesPiazzaGERMANY AND AUSTRIAKarlskirche // Vienna, Austria // 1716 – 1725 // Johann Bernhard Fischer von ErlachFischer von Erlach: Historic Architecture (1721)Commissioned by Emperor Charles VIPlague on Vienna  emperor prays to Saint Borromeo  plague leaves  emperor builds church to fulfill vow and honor BorromeoCharles Borromeo: patron saint of the emperorSculpture and reliefs reference the life and symbols of Saint BorromeoInfluenced by PantheonDome is a reference to St. Peter’s (mother church)Two columns on either side of entrance reference column of TrajanScenes of Borromeo’s lifeMay also be a reference to the temple of SolomonInteriorElongated oval nave: central plan + axial planOrnate, dramatcPilasters divide space of oval, lead eye up to ceiling paintngROCOCOComes from French words rocaille (loose stones, garden decoraton) and coquille (seashell)Ornate, “frothy,” almost imitatng marine lifeLate Baroque, early 18th c.Partcularly for interiorsDie Wies // Bavaria, Germany // 1745 – 1754 // Zimmermann BrothersDeceptvely largeOval nave: primary interior volumeStatue of Christ Scourged wept real tears (miracle)  church commissioned by Abbott of SteingadenFollows familiar cathedral sequenceAislesFalse ceiling for frescoes over nave, almost flatInterior columns act as screen, while the outer supports are load-bearingWhite: dematerializaton of structureDramatcAlmost overwhelmingly ornateRocaille cartouches—not arches, but cutouts allowing more light into the churchVierzehnheiligen // Bamberg, Germany // 1744 // Johann Balthazar NeumannShepherd sees 14 Nothelfer (guardian angels) (miracle)  church built in place (3 centuries later)Cross-shaped basilica but with circles and ovals; modified basilica plan emphasizes Nothelfer shrine in middleContrastng colorsMonochromatc lightCastle of the Louvre // Paris, France // 1180 – 1223 // Phillippe Auguste (Keep)Baroque partPalace rebuilt by Louis XIV: known for politcal stability and patronage of the artsEast Façade:Louis Le Vau, Charles Lebrun, and Claude Perrault, 1667-1670Corner pavilions (not really towers)Center has pediment, main entrancePairs of Corinthian columns: royaltyRoyal insignia above entrance, Minerva and MusesBalustradeRustcaton on ground floorVersaillesRebuilt by Louis XIV1623 Louis XIII builds huntng lodge1668 Louis XIV begins work on new residental palace1678 – 87 South Wing by Le Vau18th c. North Wing by GabrielFamous Hall of MirrorsSouth Wing:Renaissance principles: rustcated masonry around arcades on ground floorsClassical orders on main floor: columns, entablature, cornice, pilasters framing roundheaded windowsAllegorical statues and trophies on facadeChateau:Louis Le Vau and Jules Hardouin MansartGardens:André Le NôtreKing’s bedroom is at the center of E-W axial designRiver diverted for locatonChristopher Wren (1632 – 1723) Studied at OxfordInvented the Panorganum Astronomicum to demonstrate the periodical positons of the earth, sun, and moon1666: appointed to oversee reconstructon after Great Fire of LondonSaint Paul’s Cathedral // London // 1675 – 1709 // Christopher WrenWarrant Design based on basilican planTriple dome: masonry, brick cone, wooden superstructureInfluence for façade: Church of S. Agnese in RomeSaucer vaults in