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TAMU ARCH 250 - Early Skyscrapers of the 19th Century
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Arch 250 1st Edition Lecture 24 Outline of Last LectureI. Paris International Exposition of 1889II. Eiffel TowerIII. 19th Century EnglandIV. Sir Charles BarryV. Houses of Parliamenta. House of LordsVI. Highclere CastleVII. Trinity ChurchVIII. Arts and Crafts Movementa. John Rushkinb. William MorrisIX. Red HouseX. Art NouveauXI. Metro EntranceXII. Church of the Sagrada FamiliaOutline of Current LectureI. Menier FactoryII. E. V. Haughwout Department StoreIII. The Chicago SchoolIV. Home Insurance Company BuildingV. Monadnock BuildingVI. Reliance BuildingVII. Marshall Field & Co.a. South State sectionVIII. Auditorium BuildingIX. Guaranty BuildingX. Carson Pirie Scott Department StoreCurrent LectureMenier Factory // Noisiel-sur-Seine, France // 1871 – 72 // Jules SaunierBuilt on Turbine River to produce power for factoryMenier company produced chocolate and pharmaceuticalsPart of a larger complexNow the corporate headquarters of NestleExterior wrought-iron frame of lattice girders  brickwork  cast-iron columns on interiorThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.“iron skeleton”Bricks are no longer structural but an infillPolychrome brickwork by Emile MullerIntegrates structure and decorationLetter M a common themeCacao plantTerracotta tilesE. V. Haughwout Department Store // NYC // 1856 – 57 // Daniel Badger, John P. GaynorMass-produced cast iron piecesStructural metal frameRepetition of elementsEarly steam-driven passenger elevator (Elisha Graves Otis)Resemblance to the cornice of a palazzoArches in front of windows inspired by Library San Marco in VeniceBadger, American manufacturerGaynor, American architectThe Chicago School (late 19th – early 20th century)Fire of 1871  complete redesign of downtown ChicagoWilliam Le BaronDenkmar AdlerDaniel BurnhamWilliam HolabirdMartin RocheLouis SullivanHome Insurance Company Building // Chicago // 1883 – 85 // William Le Baron JenneyDestroyed 1931Jenney studied at Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures in ParisGoal: fireproof, serves needs of growing cityMasonry bears wall on ground floorIron and steel skeleton (steel used above 6th floor)Monadnock Building // Chicago // 1890 – 91 // Daniel Burnham, John Root1873 Burnham and Root began partnershipSeen as precursor to modern architecture“skyscraper”Office building16 storiesDivided into sectionsMasonry bearing walls (expensive)Internal iron frameNo external ornamentation“MONADNOCK” over doorwayReliance Building // Chicago // 1894 – 95 // Daniel Burnham, John RootSeen as precursor to modern architectureTop ten stories built in 15 daysMade possible by prefabricated two-story steel columns15 storiesHigh-speed elevatorInternal steel skeleton with truss work columnsDecorative terracotta layerLots of glass on facadeChicago window: central picture window with small double-hung sashes on sides for ventilationSmall colonnettes and ornamentation reminiscent of blind tracery placed around windows on the façadeRed granite and metal ornamentationMarshall Field & Co. // Chicago // 1892 – 1914 // Daniel BurnhamDesigned in the commercial Beaux-Arts styleSouth State section:Added 1907Glass mosaic dome by Louis Comfort TiffanyAlmost look like ribbed vaultsAuditorium Building // Chicago // 1886 – 90 // Dankmar Adler and Louis SullivanTheater, offices, and hotelNow it’s part of Roosevelt UniversityFirst two floors heavily rusticated, granite, thick foundationMasonry above first two floorsExterior reflects Romanesque and Renaissance principlesInteriorSullivan’s ornamental styleNatural plant formsArt nouveauAuditoriumHolds over 4000Not many boxes; more democraticGuaranty Building // Buffalo, NY // 1894 // Dankmar Adler, Louis SullivanSullivan’s design:Base: easy access to shopsMiddle: officesTop: mechanical systemsProjecting corniceArt Nouveau ornamentation on outsideCarson Pirie Scott Department Store // Chicago // 1899 – 1905 // SullivanGround: display windows with cast-iron ornamental panelsMiddle: shopping and officeTop: corniceSteel frameFireproofCast-iron decorationTerracotta claddingCorner entrance heavily ornamented in cast iron


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TAMU ARCH 250 - Early Skyscrapers of the 19th Century

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