Lecture 31 AIDS in the U S and World Wide Exam 3 on Monday December 9th in class Anonymous survey online fill it out 1 point towards final grade US Statistics Since the epidemic began an estimated 1 194 039 people in the United States have been diagnosed with AIDS Approximately 659 000 of those people have died In 2013 an estimated 47 352 people were diagnosed with HIV infection in the United States In that same year an estimated 26 688 people were diagnosed with AIDS Geographically there are hot spots that have high numbers of HIV areas of greater population ex California Texas Georgia Florida Persons Living with HIV There has been a slow increase in the number of people in the US living with HIV Slight decline in people dying of AIDS The Public s Experience with HIV Testing 18 tested in last 12 months 30 tested but not in last 12 months 48 tested 50 never tested 13 of individuals that have HIV do not know they are infected Even though the number of people living with HIV is increasing Most people do not view it as an urgent health problem 25 of Infected Have Suppressed Viral Load Only 33 of people diagnosed are on the medications Only 25 have a suppressed viral load lower viral load lower chance of transmission HIV Diagnosis in 2013 In 2013 high percentage of HIV cases in African Americans and Caucasians Higher percentage of HIV cases in people 25 34 years old Proportion of AIDS Cases by Race Ethnicity United States 1985 2007 There is a point where African Americans have the leading number of HIV positive cases Blacks and Latinos Account for Disproportionate share of new HIV infections 44 vs 12 AIDS in African Americans AIDS is the 5th leading cause of death among Black men ages 25 34 Blacks accounted for about half 48 of deaths among people with an HIV Blacks have had the highest age adjusted death rate due to HIV disease diagnosis in 2010 throughout most of the epidemic versus 18 for white women Black women accounted for 64 of new HIV infections among women in 2010 Although black teens aged 13 19 represent only 16 of U S teenagers they accounted for 57 of new AIDS cases reported among teens in 2010 23 of blacks infected with HIV are not receiving treatment 28 drop in HIV related deaths between 2008 2012 Why is the AIDS Problem so Grace in Black America Lack awareness of HIV prevalence risks prevention treatments testing and treatment options Lack of resources or failure to allocate adequate resources for awareness campaigns testing services and medical treatment Issues surrounding stigma Government Failure conditions during incarceration no condoms in prison opposition of Federal funs on needle exchange program Patterns of sexual behavior multiple sexual relations are 2 X more common among blacks as whites MSM more often wide age range in partners among black men HIV Prevalence Rate by Country US Poverty Areas Negative relationship between annual household income and HIV cases Lower household income means higher percentage with HIV Youth in America Low perception of risk Decline of HIV education in health ed Low rates of testing Low rates of condom use High rates of STDs Especially 20 24 Older partners Substance use 50 15 24 year olds don t know they are infected Youth 17 of population and 26 of newly infected 20 24 year olds highest diagnosis of HIV of an age group Risky Sexual Behavior Median age of network individuals was 21 age range 13 45 30 years post discovery how are we doing There are 34 million people currently living with HIV and nearly 30 million people have died of AIDS related causes since the beginning of the epidemic Most people living with HIV or at risk for HIV do not have access to prevention care and treatment and there is still no cure Many of the countries hardest hit by HIV also suffer from other infectious diseases food insecurity and other serious problems Despite these challenges new global efforts have been mounted to address the epidemic particularly in the last decade and there are signs that the epidemic may be changing course The number of people newly infected with HIV and the number of AIDS related deaths have declined contributing to the stabilization of the epidemic In addition the number of people with HIV receiving treatment in resource poor countries has increased from 400 000 in 2003 to 8 million in 2011 Real Numbers 36 9 million people worldwide are currently living with HIV AIDS The vast majority of people living with HIV are low to middle income countries particularly in Sub Saharan Africa 70 2 6 million children worldwide living with HIV Most of these children were infected by their HIV positive mothers during pregnancy childbirth or breastfeeding 1 2 million AIDS related deaths in 2014 2 million people newly infected with HIV About 22 million HIV infected people do not have access to treatment Growing successes in gaining access to HIV specific resources Between June 2014 and June 2015 almost 2 million more people began ART treatment In 2014 73 of HIV infected pregnant women were accessing ART Global Issue 54 on ARVs 60 people with HIV globally who don t know they re infected 13 U S don t know they have HIV People Living with HIV by Region as Percent of Global Total 2011 Percent of the 34 2 million people world wide living with HIV in 2011 Denialism and Claims of Cures Thabo Mbeki a South African politician who served nine years as the second post apartheid President of South Africa was also an HIV AIDS denialist iN 2008 two groups of scientists independently estimated that Thabo Mbeki s denialist policies led to the early deaths of more than 330 000 South Africans In January 2007 Yahya Jammeh president of Gambia claimed he could cure HIV AIDS and asthma with natural herbs Instead he claimed prayer a green herbal paste 2 bananas and a bitter drink were the cure His claims have been criticized for promoting unscientific treatment that could have dangerous results due to the belief that those discharged from his program cannot infect others In December 2011 he restated during an interview that the alleged cure for HIV AIDS was going very well There are 2 examples There are other false beliefs that have lead to the spread of HIV AIDS in South Africa Thailand Thailand launched a massive HIV AIDS public awareness and condom distribution campaign in the early 1990s with the support of several key senior government officials which significantly reduced the spread of the disease More recently the government announced it would make
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