You are measuring growth in a bacterial culture The number of viable cells remains constant and when you check the medium you find that the carbon source has been used up What phase of growth is the culture in Bacterial cells typically have a size of approximately Part 1 Day Quizzes 1 5 Review Quizzes 1 2 100 m 10 m 1 mm 1 m a b c d a b c d e lag phase early log phase late log phase stationary phase death phase Food fermentation a was developed in the twentieth century does not require microbial metabolism b can add vitamins and protein to food products c is used only to create alcoholic beverages such as beer and wine d A defining feature of eukaryotic cells is a b c d the presence of a nucleus the presence of ribosomes the presence of a cell membrane the ability to fix nitrogen Which of the following statements is true regarding the formation of life on Earth a All living organisms are thought to share a common ancestor b The first life on Earth was probably a single celled fungus such as a yeast cell c The first evidence for life on Earth dates to 2 billion years ago d Life on the Earth was only possible after the atmosphere became aerobic are nutrients that are NOT required by all bacteria to be present in a given medium The majority of microorganisms divide via budding a binary fission b c replication d Stretching a Macronutrients b Micronutrients c Vitamins d Macro and micronutrients a True b False An alkaliphile would likely be found in soda lakes and high carbonate soils Cells build up a concentration of protons H on one side of a These protons can only travel through a channbacterialel in a protein called a n which functions as a turbine to make dam enzyme electricity ribosome ATPase energy protein enzyme ATP a b c d membrane ATPase ATP Metabolism using an electron transport system is classified based on the nature of the initial electron donors and terminal electron acceptors Organotrophy is defined as using a b c d organic molecules as the initial electron donors organic molecules as the final electron acceptors inorganic molecules as the initial electron donors inorganic molecules as the final electron acceptors You grow E coli in a nutrient agar tube to investigate its behavior towards oxygen You see most cells grow at the surface of the agar and at less density you see cells growing over the entire depth of the culture tube Which category best describes E coli strict aerobe aerotolerant anaerobe facultative aerobe a b c d microaerophile strict anaerobe e You have isolated a bacterium that you believe to be the causative agent of a new disease in frogs How would you test the first of Koch s postulates a Determine the shape of the bacterial cells Inject the bacteria into a healthy frog b c Isolate the bacterium from a sick frog d Show that the bacterium is NOT present in healthy frogs e Grow a pure culture of the bacterium outside the frog Most microorganisms are pathogenic a True b False The maximal theoretical yield of ATP molecules from the complete oxidative respiration of a single glucose molecule in bacteria is about 700 ATP 350 ATP 38 ATP 3 ATP a b c d Which of the following is a dormant form of bacteria resistant to desiccation and other natural stresses a Heterocyst b Ribosome c Chloroplast d Mitochondrium e Endospore a Gram positive bacteria b all bacteria Which is the correct group of microorganisms that contains lipopolysaccharides LPS The cytoplasmic membrane is composed of a bilayer with embedded The time between inoculation and the beginning of growth is usually called the Which elements are required by all cells in large amounts a magnesium hydrogen nitrogen and iron nitrogen sulfur iron and phosphorus b carbon sulfur phosphorus and nitrogen c Which of the following essential elements can NOT be stored as polymer inside a cell c Gram negative bacteria all bacteria and archaea d protein phospholipids phosphate polysaccharides polysaccharide proteins phospholipid proteins a b c d a b c d e lag phase early log phase late log phase stationary phase death phase sulfur nitrogen phosphorus a b c d Carbon Which of the following processes uses the proton motive force to generate ATP a b c cytosolic glycolysis cytosolic citric acid cycle electron transport chain at the cytoplasmic membrane Which of the following processes generates ATP cytosolic glycolysis cytosolic citric acid cycle electron transport chain at the cytoplasmic membrane a b c d All answers are correct What type of energy yielding metabolism is found ONLY in Bacteria and Archaea not in Eukarya Which one of the following is an example of a micronutrient chemoorganotrophy phototrophy chemolithotrophy a b c d Autotrophy inorganic phosphate a ammonium b c iron d Lactose a Faster b Slower A chemoorganotrophic bacterium that respires nitrate grows than one that respires oxygen What is a collective term for the population of earliest cells from which life has diverged first into early bacteria and early archaea and later delineating into modern Bacteria Archaeaand Eukarya Mesophilic organisms prefer growth in a temperature range of The molecule found in the cell wall of all bacteria is a b c d 0 15 C 10 20 C 20 40 C 50 65 C phospholipid a glycogen b c peptidoglycan d Glycopeptides species dendrogram a b c LUCA d 16S rRNA How did cyanobacteria change the atmosphere on early Earth a They led to increased nitrogen levels b They led to increases in reduced soluble forms of iron c They led to increased atmospheric oxygen levels d They led to increased water levels in the oceans All of the following are true about microbes and temperature except a microbes have mechanisms to control their temperature every organism has an optimum temperature for growth b changes in temperature affect membrane fluidity c changes in temperature affect diffusion and transport d is a general term to describe the degradation of an organic food source a Metabolism b Anabolism c Constitutive d Catabolism e Reduction a b c d a b c d a b the cell wall the cell membrane the outer membrane the periplasm carbon liquid water atmospheric oxygen an energy source 1 5 minutes 5 10 minutes The cell structure immediately external to the cytoplasm of a cell is Which of the following was NOT a prerequisite for the formation of life on Earth In the laboratory it was determined that E coli can divide into two cells every Which of the following structures is NOT present in both Eukarya and Bacteria The bacterial cell wall is composed mainly of The
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