Part 1Day Quizzes (1-5)Review Quizzes (1-2)Bacterial cells typically have a size of approximatelya. 100 µm.b. 10 µm.c. 1 mm.d. 1 µm.You are measuring growth in a bacterial culture. The number of viable cells remains constant, and when you checkthe medium, you find that the carbon source has been used up. What phase of growth is the culture in?a. lag phaseb. early log phasec. late log phased. stationary phasee. death phaseFood fermentationa. was developed in the twentieth century.b. does not require microbial metabolism.c. can add vitamins and protein to food products.d. is used only to create alcoholic beverages such as beer and wine.A defining feature of eukaryotic cells isa. the presence of a nucleus.b. the presence of ribosomes.c. the presence of a cell membrane.d. the ability to fix nitrogen.Which of the following statements is true regarding the formation of life on Earth?a. All living organisms are thought to share a common ancestor.b. The first life on Earth was probably a single-celled fungus, such as a yeast cell.c. The first evidence for life on Earth dates to 2 billion years ago.d. Life on the Earth was only possible after the atmosphere became aerobic.The majority of microorganisms divide viaa. budding.b. binary fission.c. replication.d. Stretching.__________ are nutrients that are NOT required by all bacteria to be present in a given medium.a. Macronutrientsb. Micronutrientsc. Vitaminsd. Macro- and micronutrientsAn alkaliphile would likely be found in soda lakes and high carbonate soils.a. Trueb. FalseCells build up a concentration of protons (H+) on one side of a ___________. These protons can only travel througha channbacterialel in a protein called a(n) ________, which functions as a “turbine” to make _______.a. dam, enzyme, electricityb. ribosome, ATPase, energyc. protein, enzyme, ATPd. membrane, ATPase, ATPMetabolism using an electron transport system is classified based on the nature of the initial electron donors andterminal electron acceptors. Organotrophy is defined as usinga. organic molecules as the initial electron donors.b. organic molecules as the final electron acceptors.c. inorganic molecules as the initial electron donors.d. inorganic molecules as the final electron acceptors.You grow E. coli in a nutrient agar tube to investigate its behavior towards oxygen. You see most cells grow at thesurface of the agar, and at less density you see cells growing over the entire depth of the culture tube. Whichcategory best describes E. coli?a. strict aerobe.b. aerotolerant anaerobe.c. facultative aerobe.d. microaerophile.e. strict anaerobe.You have isolated a bacterium that you believe to be the causative agent of a new disease in frogs. How would youtest the first of Koch’s postulates?a. Determine the shape of the bacterial cells.b. Inject the bacteria into a healthy frog.c. Isolate the bacterium from a sick frog.d. Show that the bacterium is NOT present in healthy frogs.e. Grow a pure culture of the bacterium outside the frog.Most microorganisms are pathogenica. Trueb. FalseThe maximal theoretical yield of ATP molecules from the complete oxidative respiration of a single glucosemolecule in bacteria is abouta. 700 ATP.b. 350 ATP.c. 38 ATP.d. 3 ATP.Which of the following is a dormant form of bacteria resistant to desiccation and other natural stresses?a. Heterocystb. Ribosomec. Chloroplastd. Mitochondriume. EndosporeWhich is the correct group of microorganisms that contains lipopolysaccharides (LPS)?a. Gram-positive bacteriab. all bacteriac. Gram-negative bacteriad. all bacteria and archaeaThe cytoplasmic membrane is composed of a ________ bilayer with embedded ________.a. protein / phospholipidsb. phosphate / polysaccharidesc. polysaccharide / proteinsd. phospholipid / proteinsThe time between inoculation and the beginning of growth is usually called thea. lag phase.b. early log phase.c. late log phase.d. stationary phase.e. death phase.Which elements are required by all cells in large amounts?a. magnesium, hydrogen, nitrogen, and ironb. nitrogen, sulfur, iron, and phosphorusc. carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, and nitrogenWhich of the following essential elements can NOT be stored as polymer inside a cell?a. sulfurb. nitrogenc. phosphorusd. CarbonWhich of the following processes uses the proton motive force to generate ATP?a. cytosolic glycolysisb. cytosolic citric acid cyclec. electron transport chain at the cytoplasmic membraneWhich of the following processes generates ATP?a. cytosolic glycolysisb. cytosolic citric acid cyclec. electron transport chain at the cytoplasmic membraned. All answers are correctWhat type of energy-yielding metabolism is found ONLY in Bacteria and Archaea (not in Eukarya)?a. chemoorganotrophyb. phototrophyc. chemolithotrophyd. AutotrophyWhich one of the following is an example of a micronutrient?a. inorganic phosphateb. ammoniumc. irond. LactoseA chemoorganotrophic bacterium that respires nitrate grows _________ than one that respires oxygen.a. Fasterb. SlowerMesophilic organisms prefer growth in a temperature range ofa. 0-15°C.b. 10-20°C.c. 20-40°C.d. 50-65°C.The molecule found in the cell wall of all bacteria isa. phospholipid.b. glycogen.c. peptidoglycan.d. Glycopeptides.What is a collective term for the population of earliest cells from which life has diverged first into early bacteria andearly archaea, and later delineating into modern Bacteria, Archaeaand Eukarya?a. speciesb. dendrogramc. LUCAd. 16S rRNAHow did cyanobacteria change the atmosphere on early Earth?a. They led to increased nitrogen levels.b. They led to increases in reduced, soluble forms of iron.c. They led to increased atmospheric oxygen levels.d. They led to increased water levels in the oceans.All of the following are true about microbes and temperature, excepta. microbes have mechanisms to control their temperature.b. every organism has an optimum temperature for growth.c. changes in temperature affect membrane fluidity.d. changes in temperature affect diffusion and transport.__________ is a general term to describe the degradation of an organic food source.a. Metabolismb. Anabolismc. Constitutived. Catabolisme. ReductionThe cell structure immediately external to the cytoplasm of a cell isa. the cell wall.b. the cell membrane.c. the outer membrane.d. the periplasm.Which of the following was NOT a prerequisite for the formation of life on Earth?a. carbonb. liquid waterc. atmospheric oxygend. an energy sourceIn the laboratory. it was determined that
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