MicroBio 160 1 st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture Cells Organization of Cells II The Cell Cycle The Cell Checkpoints III Growth Factors IV Cell Function and Cancer Characteristics of a Normal Cell and Cancer Cell V Protein Production V Genetic Code VII DNA Replication Outline of Current Lecture Immune System Functions I Blood vs Lymph Cells of the Immune System Innate Adaptive III Cells Derived from Bone Marrow IV Cell Functions V Antibody VI Functional Immune System VII The Immune System VIII Cell Types Infected by HIV Current Lecture These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Immune System Functions to protect the body every day from viruses toxins fungus bacteria parasites germs pollution Good at protecting the body from cancer cancer has to escape the immune system in order to form Lymph Nodes where your blood and immune system come together and exchange information about pathogens Green lines are the lymphatic system Lymph can get out and surround your cells Purpose of lymph is to support your immune system BLOOD LYMPH has color red blue colorless circulates in closed circuit open circuit interstitial space space in between your cells vascular system vascular system blood arteries veins heart no red blood cells main transport system of the body red blood cells low protein concentration high protein concentration less nutrients and waste more nutrients and waste more immune cells exchange in capillary network exchange in capillary network Lymphatic and Vascular Systems Cells of the Immune System Innate Immunity these components are always TURNED ON and are not antigen specific Phagocytes Macrophages eat things Adaptive Immunity these components are TURNED ON in response to specific antigens Adaptive system can take two weeks to turn on highly specific Adaptive system recognizes the antigens innate doesn t Cells Derived from Bone Marrow Blood stem cell in bone marrow stem cells very immature cells can become just about any cell in that part our body Undi erentiated can become any cell in the blood stream including RBC s platelets and immune cells white blood cells Erythroid stem cell A Erythrocyte Myeloid stem cell A Platelets gas transportation Basophil Inflammation clotting and inflammation Neutrophil Phagocytosis innate immunity and second line of defense leukocytes Eosinophil Phagocytosis innate immunity and second line of defense leukocytes Monocyte Phagocytosis innate immunity and second line of defense leukocytes Lymphoid stem cell A Lymphocyte adaptive immunity leukocytes Once they start to mature they can become part of di erent stem cells limited to what their potential is Leukocytes aren t ready to defend you yet Myeloid cells become Innate Immune System Cell Functions Phagocytes eat cells Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Monocytes Macrophage capable of moving can escape your bloodstream patrol your body for things to eat Dendritic cell Complement protein Mast cells allergies regulate inflammatory response Natural killer cell don t eat things destroy your cells If cell is infected cell sends signals to say it s infected Natural killer cell kills the cell and sends it to apoptosis Every cell in your body has all the same DNA Ability to move through your body turn o in your stomach cells Cancer cells can gain the ability to move around Lymphoid cells become adaptive immune system cell functions Main jobs an attempt to try to prevent auto immunity Antibodies is the reason why your body is incredibly specific T cells mature in the Thymus Any T cells which recognizes self is destroyed Autoimmune diseases arise when this system fails to detect self recognizing T cells B cells mature in the bone marrow they become plasma cells and memory cells both produce antibodies Antibody a protein produced in response to antigen invasion Antigen specific meaning that antibody A only recognizes only antigen A Antigen determinants on antigen foreign protein recognized by the immune system as a threat How do all these cells work together to make a functional immune system Antigen Presenting Cells naive because it hasn t seen anything in the world Randomly produces antibodies Antibodies can recognize antigen Helper cell send out alarm Memory B cells next time you get exposed to it they will remember and get rid of it sooner Memory B cells make antibodies specific to the pathogen that was just destroyed Recognizes good antibody make more If the infection is cleared then some B cells will develop into memory B cells The Immune System Infected again Adaptive Immune System Antibody recognizes Bacteria B cells start to divide Secrete antibodies Antibodies can flood the invaders smaller than cells so they can travel farther away Want more memory cells to get a faster response If you got invaded by something di erent no immunity doesn t defend as quickly Cell Types Infected by HIV These cells have 3 receptors in common CD4 CCR5 and CXCR4 HIV uses these three receptors to enter hosts therefore HIV can infect all 4 of these cells types Vaccines so we can produce memory B cells first response so the second time you don t get as sick
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