NFSC Questions to Ponder more notes Final Fall 2013 Nutrition and Health Promotion Hunger in the US 1 Risk factor factor that increases the probability of developing a disease or health problem Modifiable Behavior like smoking high fat diet alcohol consumption Non modifiable Gender age family history genetics 2 Levels of disease prevention 1 Primary prevention of disease symptoms Stop the exposure remove risk factors 2 Secondary disease onset early detection diagnosis intervention screening 3 Tertiary diagnosis treating diagnosed patients to delay further disease progression Example is chemotherapy 3 Food security access by all members at all times to enough food for active healthy life Ready availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods Acquire food in socially acceptable ways factors that determine whether someone is food secure or not It s social economic political examples Poverty unemployment homelessness illiteracy There is a 18 question survey measures anxiety about food along a continuum from very low food security to high food security 4 Metabolic syndrome A combination of characteristic factors that increases chances of cardiovascular disease and diabetes high fasting blood glucose insulin resistance central obesity hypertension low blood HDL 5 School Lunch Program provide lunches to children we ve spent 8 2 billion on it i Free to households with incomes 130 of poverty ii Reduced to household incomes 130 185 of poverty nutritional requirements for School Lunch Program i 1 3rd of RDA for protein calcium iron vit A vit C ii 30 of calories can come from fat iii 10 can come from saturated fat 6 WIC Special Supplemental Food Program for Women Infants and Children program for benefits but only 2 3 eligible participate due to funding restriction Women Pregnant Lactating Infants 0 12 months and Children 1 5yrs provide supplemental food nutrition education referral to health care services Outcomes improved diet health fewer lower birth weight babies less Fe deficiency anemia 7 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program known as Food Stamps Largest assistant program serving 45 8 million people EBT Electronic Benefit Transfer nutrition education component Allowed breads cereals fruits veggies meat fish poultry dairy seeds plants that can make food Not allowed Alcohol cigs nonfood items pet household supplies vitamins and medicines foods eaten in store hot prepared foods 8 What are some issues related to the nutrition environment in our schools School districts across the nation have made progress toward meeting goals nut implementation is inconsistent Wellness programs are established locally some are well defined while others are vague Private schools serve competitive foods or fast foods with low nutrition side by side with USDA regulated food 9 Difference between entitlement and non entitlement programs a Entitlement persons qualify because they meet eligibility requirements Mandatory funds the government is obligated to provide assistance through entitlement programs to anyone who qualifies b Non entitlement limited by spending caps discretionary funds when funds run out for the program people who qualify may be turned away 10 Which of the programs that we discussed fall under each category SNAP Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program entitlement program National School Lunch Program entitlement program WIC is NOT an entitlement program 11 Emergency food assistance programs grassroots food banks soup kitchens food pantries shelters 12 Amount of people obese with vitamin mineral deficiency and hungry greater than 1 1 billion 2 3 5 billion about half the population greater than or equal to 1 02 billion Diet and human disease 1 Human chronic diseases Persistent long term recurring Can be prevented or delayed with changes of diet and lifestyle patterns Requires a long term systematic approach to treatment ex Diabetes Heart disease Cancer Osteoporosis 2 Leading causes of death in the US a Heart disease Cancer Stroke In that order Chronic disease promoting food i Excess of animal fat saturated cholesterol ii Deep fried food trans fat iii Excess of simple sugar 3 Risk factors of a CVD disease of the heart and blood vessels leading cause of disability and premature deaths in the U S 1 million die of it 80 million suffer from it Elevated blood LDL cholesterol consumption of cholesterol and trans fat examples Hypertension Diabetes Obesity Cigarette smoking b Hypertension age and nutrition related disease 30 of adults have it Excess consumption of sodium low potassium and magnesium overweight exercise 4 Healthy Total blood cholesterol 200 Blood pressure 120 80 Unhealthy Total blood cholesterol 240 Hypertension blood pressure level 140 90 5 Atherosclerosis root of most forms of Cardiovascular Disease It is the Hardening of Arteries i A healthy artery has open passage for blood flow ii form If plaques form in inner wall it reduces blood flow Clots The part of the heart muscle that this artery feeds will die because it can t bring nourishment to the heart muscle 6 Cancer human disease where abnormal cells divide without control invade other tissues 100 forms breast is the most popular for women and prostate for men while for deaths the leading is breast again and then lung Carcinogenesis process Initiation transformation of the cell i ii Promotion cells multiply to form a tumor iii Progression leads to malignant cancer sporadic cancer is 75 versus 15 20 that is hereditary 30 40 of cancers are influenced by diet 7 a Preventing CVD i ii iii iv Antioxidants Vit C E Beta caro Se Vit D Omega 3 fatty acid Folate B12 B6 related to homocysteine b Preventing Hypertension i ii Reduce sodium 2300 mg day Increase Potassium iii DASH diet more vegetables fruits c Preventing cancer Emphasis plant sources 5 or more servings of veggies fruits choose whole grain over processed grain limit processed or red meats Energy intake Fat Red meats Fiber rich food Calcium and Vit D fruits Vegetables Antioxidants phytochemicals 8 LDL Cholesterol and HDL Cholesterol atherogenic diet LDL delivers cholesterol to the tissues cholesterol in LDL is considered bad HDL carries used cholesterol back to the liver where it is degraded and excreted as bile salts this is good cholesterol Atherogenic diet high in cholesterol trans fat saturated fat low in veggies fruit and whole grains 9 Which is more dangerous trans fat or saturated and why trans is more dangerous it is high in LDL and low in HDL while saturated is high
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