FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE PSYCHOLOGY 100 PROFESSOR RAHHAL PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS o o Craziness insane asylum People would pay to go to these facilities and see these crazy people HISTORY ON MENTAL ILLNESS Middle Ages o Not thought of as an illness but rather Seen as witches Seen as prophets 1700s 1900s Europe o Recognized mental illness as a problem o Placed in hospitals Nothing like current facilities Chains and restraints 1790s France Treatment more civilized Fresh air relaxation Sort of like a modern day spa Lots of rest and relaxation 1800s 1900s USA Fresh air concept lives on Encouraged rest relaxation Spa like facilities o o o o Current world view o Diagnostic criteria to classify disorders o Research CLASSIFICATION OF DISORDERS DSM IV TR handbook with basic organization of disorders 2 main clusters of disorder AXIS I and AXIS II AXIS I Clinical Disorders syndromes usually come and go Mood disorders o Bipolar depression Anxiety disorders o Panic attacks Psychotic disorders Dissociative disorders Eating disorders o Anorexia bulimia Personality disorders AXIS II Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation pervasive once you get it it s yours to keep AXIS III General Medical Conditions physical disorders that may be related to psychological disorders AXIS IV Psychosocial and Environmental Problems problems in a person s life such as stressors or life events that may affect the diagnosis treatment and outcome of psychological disorders AXIS V Global Assessment of Functioning overall level of mental social occupational and leisure functioning INTERESTED IN AXIS I AND II BUT BE FAMILIAR WITH AXIS III IV AND V DIAGNOSIS OF DISORDERS Description of symptoms and behaviors Must have certain number of symptoms diagnosis checklist of criteria Problems Description are lacking changing Patients are not sure of many symptoms AXIS I DISORDERS o Does not exactly think about killing themselves think about death a lot Must have many symptoms for at least 2 weeks Must affect your ability to conduct your life MOOD DISORDERS MAJOR DEPRESSION Symptoms Depressed mood Suicidal thoughts Tearfulness Change in appetite more or less Change in weight more or less Lack of interest in normal activities Change in sleep pattern more or less Low energy level This combination of symptoms is very unpleasant o Purposeless underwater jet lagged feelings Women 3 times more likely to try o Women might go with overdosing pills Men 2 times more successful o Men use more effective ways of killing guns or knives Other points Suicide DYSTHYMIA Since they cannot see light they may have sleep problems such as sleeping during the day and being awake at night Mildest form of depression Still able to conduct life Diagnosis must have mild symptoms for at least 2 years SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER SAD Experience depression only during times of decreased light o Wintertime in New England o o Prevalent in Alaska long winter little light Prevalent in Seattle lots of cloudy days Treatment Sit in front of UV lights for several hours days Melatonin sleep hormone o Helps treat sleep problems o Mostly used for those who are blind BIPOLAR DISORDER MANIC DEPRESSION Symptoms Racing thoughts Pressured speech Lack inhibitions Promiscuity o Spending sprees gambling o o Doing drugs drinking alcohol Feeling of omnipotence unlimited power Needs significantly less sleep High energy cannot sit still Upside to mania Downside to mania Can get lots of work done very creative time Hard to manage can lead to trouble with the law or potentially harm yourself or others Brain o o Lack of serotonin Treat with SSRI s Prozac Zoloft Paxil antidepressants If relative has it it increases odds of acquiring disorder CAUSES OF MOOD DISORDERS DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS Biological Basis Genetic component o Environmental Triggers o o o Stress at work Loss of a loved one Failing a course BIPOLAR DISORDERS Stressful emotional and depressing feelings and events can trigger a depressive episode o Responds well to medication but we do not know why lithium depacote neurotonin Biological Basis Brain Genetic component o VERY heritable ANXIETY DISORDERS General Symptoms Persistent long lasting Intensive severe extreme Maladaptive behaviors to help reduce inhibit it Types of Anxiety Disorders PHOBIAS fear which interferes with one s life Specific Phobias Fear is focused on some object situation or behavior Develops from o A past event o Irrational no cause EX snakes blood dogs heights water elevators flying Social Phobias Fear of humiliation or embarrassment in front of others o Won t attend social events o Won t speak out in class o Won t talk to strangers Agoraphobia Fear of being in a situation that makes you uncomfortable and you cannot escape o As a result you never leave your home PANIC DISORDER Has extreme attacks of anxiety coming from out of the blue Anxiety attacks Severe sympathetic nervous system arousal o o Racing heart sweaty palms feel like you cannot breath Last for a few moments feels like forever GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER GAD A continual overanxious state o Worried tense concerned above and beyond what is appropriate o Arousal of SNS at lower levels break out in a sweat OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER OCD Obsessions Repetitive disturbing thoughts or images that you cannot control Repetitive behaviors or actions you do to try to alleviate the thoughts Compulsions Common ones Concern with germs diseases cleanliness EX normal to wash hands once before eating NOT 40 times a day Concern that something bad will happen if you don t do repetitive rituals EX normal to check if you locked your door once NOT check it 10 times after you go to bed Concern with exactness EX must chew each bite of food 17 times not 16 or 18 times must be 17 times CAUSES OF ANXIETY DISORDERS Debate Psychological basis Most people think that these disorders reflect some event that occurred which is internalized Learning from classical conditioning EX your plane almost crashes now seeing a plane elicits fear Learning from observation o o EX you see a movie about a plane crash now you fear flying because you think your plane will crash Biological basis Frontal lobes are active when in an anxious state Anxiety disordered people are very responsive to the same drugs that treat depression SSRI PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS Generally Disorders where sense of reality is impaired May hear voices May see things that are not there May experience false sensations SCHIZOPHRENIA Onset Early signs may appear in
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