HIST 148 1st Edition Lecture 23Outline of Last LectureI. Lincoln’s Election Led Directly to SecessionII. Civil WarIII. Political DivisionIV. Clicker QuestionsOutline of Current LectureI. Turning Point of the Civil WarII. Grant in ChargeIII. North Wins the Civil WarIV. ReconstructionV. Clicker QuestionsCurrent LectureI. Turning Point of the Civil WarA. Twin Battles fought in July of 18631. Vicksburgi. Union victory led by Grantii. Closed the Mississippi River to the Confederacyiii. Mississippi in Union hands2. Gettysburgi. Union wonB. Tennessee was difficult for the Union to get1. Union was trapped in Chattanoogai. Mountains to the west, Missionary Ridge in the east which the Confederates controlled2. Grant had command therei. Battle took place in fall of 1863ii. Union forces charged up Missionary Ridge without ordersa. Sent the Confederate army back into GA and solidified Grants reputation as a successful generalII. Lincoln put Grant in charge of the entire union armyA. He could distinguish between strategy and tactics1. Could maximize Northern advantage in manpower and equipmentThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.B. Knew they didn’t have to capture the confederate capital of Richmond or any other place in the south and that the existence of the confederacy depended on the continued confederate armies in TN and VA1. Solution: pursue the armies relentlessly to destroy them with his army of the Potomac in VA while William Tecumseh Sherman attacked Johnston’s Confederate army in TNi. Sherman’s march famously called Sherman’s March to the Seaa. Took about a year for Sherman to capture Atlanta(1) Burning of Atlantab. Drove his army across GA to the Atlantic to capture Savannah(1) Them he takes his army upward through (Columbia) South Carolina and into North Carolina(2) “Total war” on GAC. Grant had to coordinate and direct the campaign southward in April of 18641. In early May, Lee’s and Grant’s army collided in VA woodsi. Union attack faileda. Grant pulled his army back out of the woods and turned them to the south(1) Not going back to D.C. to rebuild(2) Trying to flank LeeD. On June 1, both sides faced each other again at Cold Harbor which was swampy and cold1. Grant ordered a massive assault on the Confederates but the infantries knew they were doomedi. 8,000 died in 8 minutesii. Grant withdrewE. Union could not get through St. Petersburg and a stalemate occurs1. Built trenches2. PA miners tunneled under their mines to blow a crater in confederate lines with explosives (never ended up happening)3. Confederate army being squeeze by Union forces in the north (VA) and southi. Kept moving south and west and so did the Union4. Grant captured the railroad lines supplying the Confederates farther and farther west and Lee’s army was being out-maneuveredi. Lee evacuated St. Petersburg and Richmond an intended to go far west to link up with thearmy from TN in NCa. Union army kept flanking them and Lee’s army was falling apart in April of 1865(1) On April 9 at Appomattox Court House Lee surrendered and the war was overIII. North wins the Civil WarA. Why?1. Scott’s Anaconda Plan worked2. Had significant manpower, economic power, and industrial power which Grant utilized efficiently3. Temperament of the south was unsuited for the “total war” tactics4. South disregarded the minority which can bring strife in a nationB. Accomplished?1. South economically destroyedi. South had approx. 43% decline of actual wealth2. Emancipation of 4 million slavesi. Are they citizens?3. Still unsure if southern states are in the union or notIV. ReconstructionA. What kind?1. Economic for the South2. Railroads, industry, political, and socialB. What would happen to freed slaves?V. CLICKER QUESTIONA. South lost the civil war because they were unsuited for total war, Scott’s Anaconda plan worked, and they lacked the North’s power in men and