HIST 1483 1st Edition Lecture 10Outline of Last LectureI. Seven Years’ WarA. A World WarB. WashingtonC. Albany ConferenceD. Fort DuquesneE. Indian SiegeF. Turning PointG. Decisive BattleH. Indian RevengeI. Other ResultsOutline of Current LectureCurrent LectureI. Events leading up to the American RevolutionA. Charles Townsend (William Pitt’s chancellor) argued that the government should set a distinction between internal taxes like the Stamp Act and external taxes like customs duties and maximize external taxes1. Ben Franklin supported this idea and went to Parliament to participate in the debatesi. He argued that colonial affairs should be left in the hands of colonial legislatures2. Stamp Act was repealed and all kinds of customs duties were applied to items like lead, tea, paint, and paper3. The protest was muted in some places and vociferous in othersi. Samuel Adams was the most outspoken of the Massachusetts political leadersa. Got the Massachusetts general court to issue a circular letter to other colonial legislatures inviting a coordinated resistance, which was the beginning of intercolonial cooperation(1) Virginia presented a series of resolvesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Protests mostly consisted of economic boycotts which affected British merchants the most(1) Realized that the Townsend Duties that were imposed on imports and exports both raised money for England and hurt British manufacturers who had a harder time selling things at higher prices because it raised theprices of British goods in the American colonies(2) In 1770 some boys and men started throwing snowballs at British soldiersand backed them into a wall(i) The soldiers shot and killed 5 Bostonians(ii) This would have set off a huge protest but the soldiers were very capably defended by John Adams and they were acquitted(iii) This is why Lord North didn’t take action against the Bostonians(iv) Townsend duties were scraped in the spring of 1770 except for the duties on tea (because of the Declaratory Act)B. The next few years were relatively quiet and peaceful1. Lord North argued against the logic of the imposition of trade duties within the empireC. In 1773 Parliament imposed the Tea Act1. It was practical for Britain2. Done by the East India Company which had like 17 million pounds of surplus teai. The company wanted a monopoly on the British tea trade ii. Wanted to eliminate all the middle men to cut out all the smugglingiii. This would generate profit for the company shareholders back in Britain3. The colonies responded disproportionatelyi. Saw it as Parliament’s attempt under Lord North to monopolize the tradeii. “If they could do this to tea they could do this to anything” which would cripple their whole trade industry4. Ships from the East India Company began arriving in American portsi. When they arrived in Philadelphia the PA governor rejected the ships and sent them back to Englandii. When they arrived in Charleston the cargoes were kept in warehouses to be sold off lateriii. In Boston, on December 16, local citizens led by Samuel Adams tried to get Thomas Hutchinson to reject the 3 ships that came with the teaa. Hutchinson wouldn’t do itb. The citizens were outragedc. Sons of Liberty disguised themselves as Mohawk Indians and threw about 18,000 pounds worth about 10,000 pounds British sterling of tea into Boston Harbor(1) Parliament’s response to the Tea Party(i) The Coercive (Intolerable) Acts(a) Were intended to be imputative(b) Boston Port Act closed Boston’s port until they could pay back the money lost in the Boston Tea Party- Colonists’ thought: If they could close the port of Boston they could close other ports too(c) Massachusetts Government Act revoked the charter of the MA colony and directed the governor of council to be appointed rather than elected(d) Quartering Act allowed military commanders to seize private buildings for the use of housing troops(e) England thought tightening their control over the colonies would fix the problems(f) They really made the colonies think England was abusive and/or oppressive(ii) The free colonies, independently from each other, raised the idea of a meeting where delegates from all of the colonies could discuss a United Response to the Coercive Acts(a) Invitation not universally accepted... rejected by British colonies inthe West Indies who had nothing in common with the mainland colonies and wanted nothing to do with them(b) Georgia also refused to send delegates(c) The other 12 sent delegates to meet in Philly (illegally) in an extralegal, defiant way called the First Continental CongressII. First Continental CongressA. 56 delegates assembled in Carpenters’ Hall in Philly in September 1774 (Before the Revolution)1. Largely radicals2. Leaders: John and Sam Adams, John Dickinson from PA, Patrick Henry and Richard Henry Lee and George Washington from VA, etc.3. First time these delegates met each other4. They weren’t out to create and American nation. They didn’t know each other, they didn’t think this way at all. They were worried about their own prerogatives of their own colonies.5. They all saw themselves as aggrieved subjects of King George IIIB. Do not declare independenceC. Main goal: find a joint response to the actions of Parliament1. Richard Henry Lee argued that American hold their allegiance only to the King, not Parliament because Parliament doesn’t represent the colonies in any wayi. Rejects virtual representationii. Pretty much no one else was willing to go this far2. Other more conservative members suggested that the American governing body create its own legislative assembly to ratify the laws of Parliamenti. Ultimately didn’t catch on3. Delegates compromised to produce the Declaration of Rights and Grievancesi. Affirmation of loyaltyii. Denied that the colonies were seeking independenceiii. Argued that Parliament had no right to levy taxes without representation and American obedience to Parliament had to be voluntary4. Passed 3 important measures designed to exert economic pressure on England (economic warfare against British)i. A series of articles that boycotted the importation of British goodsa. Went beyond goods.. also prohibited the importation of African Slavesii. Asked Americans not to consume British importsiii. Boycotted the exportation of American goods to