HIST 1483 1st Edition Lecture 21Outline of Last LectureI. Gold RushII. DisunionIII. Zachary TaylorIV. Fugitive Slave LawV. Clicker QuestionsOutline of Current LectureI. Kansas and NebraskaII. Election of 1860III. Clicker QuestionsCurrent LectureI. Kansas and NebraskaA. Kansas and Nebraska would have to be opened up to settlement because of the new railroads that would go through the center of the nation which was still Indian territory1. Would have to do so on the basis on popular sovereignty (Kansas-Nebraska Act, stipulated by Douglas, did just this)i. Northern Whigs opposed and protestedii. Southern Democrats supportediii. This could undo the Missouri Compromise linea. As soon as the act was signed, slavery supporters and abolitionists began promoting settlement in Kansas so they could take control(1) Pro-slavery elements won control in KS via fraud(i) Missourians crossed the border, registered to vote, and voted for KS(2) Abolitionists brought rifles so they could fight of those in Missouri who might try to settle in Kansas (since MO people wanted slavery)(i) Free Soilers boycotted and held their own election(ii) The rival delegations went to Congress claiming to represent the majority of settlers(3) A civil war broke out in KSThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.(i) 800 pro-slavery men marched into Lawrence, an abolitionist town(a) John Brown and 6 people sought revenge on Potawatomi Village and so they kidnapped and killed 5 boys with axes(ii) Violence spread throughout the nation(a) Charles Sumner gave a 2-day speech on the floor of the Senate, insulting some southern Senators- Preston Brooks hit Sumner over the head with a cane, nearly killing him(iii) Led to party realignment(a) Usually new parties are preceded by smaller parties- In this case, the American (Know-Nothing) Party - the dominant opposers to the Democrats – became the republicans- American Party nominated John C. Frémont to be president, wanted to prevent the expansion of slavery into the territory- Frémont got 11 free states but no southern states(b) Democrats nominated James Buchanan, who wonB. Buchanan1. Barely in office when a series of crises eruptedi. In March of 1857, the Dred Scott v. Sanford case happeneda. The court decided that Scott could not sue for his freedom because he was nota citizen of the U.S. and that Congress had no right to prohibit slavery in the territories because slaves are property(1) MO Compromise was deemed unconstitutionalii. In late 1857, pro-slavery forces won a severely gerrymandered constitutional election in KSa. Met and drafted a constitution to bring KS into the union as a slave state(1) Engineered an election so voters could only choose between prohibiting and allowing the continuing importation of slaves(i) Abolitionists boycotted and so it passes with full protection for future slavery(a) Anti-slavery forces held their own delegation and passed a new constitution which outlawed slavery(ii) Buchanan supported bringing it in as a slave state but Stephen A. Douglas publically denounced Buchanan(a) They kicked Douglas out, but he took some of the northern Democrats with him(b) He was about to lose his Senate seat because Abraham Lincoln was fighting him on it- Lincoln challenged Douglas to debates, this is how Lincoln became so well-known- Lincoln asked Douglas how his doctrine of popular sovereignty could stand with the Dred Scott decision- Douglas responded with the Freeport doctrine which said that while legislatures couldn’t outlaw slavery, they could refuse to enact the policing regulations necessary to enforce slavery as an institution- Douglas kept his Senate seati. John Brown secretly met with Douglas to discuss a plan to capture a federal arsenal and spark a massive slave uprising in Virginiaa. Douglas listened but declined to go along with itb. Brown still led 18 men to capture the arsenal, take hostages, and free the slaves(1) Instead, townspeople gathered and a gun battle ensued(i) Robert E. Lee dispatched marines to capture Brown and his raiders(ii) Brown was found guilty of treason, conspiracy, and murder(a) Hanged, but also told his story- Convinced southerners that the majority of northerners wantedto free the slaves and incite an all-out race war in the south- Southerners looked to secession as the only hope- Compromise on slavery was not an optionII. Election of 1860A. Republican party triumphantB. Lincoln was their candidate1. Received less than 40% of the vote2. Anti-slavery3. Northern voters gave up trying to compromise4. When compromise is exhausted in a democracy, the majority rules (in theory)5. In a government where the people retain the sovereignty, is it possible for the majority to rule?C. South Carolina passed an Ordinance of Secession on December 20, 18601. MS, FL, AL, LA, GA, and TX voted to secedei. Held a convention in Montgomery, AL to draft a new constitutiona. Similar to the constitution of the U.S. except for a few refinements(1) The institution of slavery is legalized and protected(2) States’ sovereignty is recognizedb. Called themselves the Confederate States of Americac. Elect Jefferson Davis as their president(1) Was assembling a cabinet(i) Southern soldiers were defecting to the confederacyii. North is in chaosa. Some felt the union was disintegrating, others were happy to see the south gob. In New York, the confederacy is supported(1) Southern cotton goes to NYc. Buchanan does nothingiii. Congress attempts to prevent secession with the Crittenden Compromisea. Would extend MO Compromise to CA but both northern and southern congressmen rejected itD. Lincoln faces all of this1. In his inaugural address he tries to reason with the Confederacyi. Basically saying “we’re not going to let you go” because he has to protect the uniona. If they continue to commit treason, he’ll have no choice but to wage war against them (but they’ll incite it)b. Calls back memories of unityIII. Clicker QuestionsA. Which political party emerged in the late 1840s and disappeared within a decade?1. “Know-Nothing” PartyB. The Dread Scott v. Sanford decision declared that Dred Scott was not a citizen of the United