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OU HIST 1483 - The Civil War

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HIST 1483 1st edition Lecture 22Outline of Last LectureI. Kansas and NebraskaII. Election of 1860III. Clicker QuestionsOutline of Current LectureI. Lincoln’s Election Led Directly to SecessionII. Civil WarIII. Political DivisionIV. Clicker QuestionsCurrent LectureI. Lincoln’s election led directly to the secessionA. 7 southern states staring with South Carolina1. Charleston harbor is the hotbed of the confederacy (Fort Sumter)i. Dilemma for Lincoln whether to do nothing or to stop the fight by bringing in forces to the Forta. After lots of indecision, the administration notified the confederate leadership that the army was sending provisioning expedition to Fort Sumter(1) Just providing provisions, not reinforcements(2) They would not allow reinforcements or provisions(i) On April 12, 1861 the civil war began(a) Commander of Fort Sumter, Robert Anderson, held out as long as possible but after 34 hours he surrendered (none of his men were killed though)- War hysteria spread across the nation, many welcomed the war because there had been many years of arguing, compromising, debating, accommodating, struggling, etc.II. Civil WarA. Began at Fort SumterThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.B. Lincoln issued a call for 75,000 volunteers to suppress the rebellion in the south and they responded enthusiastically1. Also put 4 more states into the confederacy (AR, TN, NC, VA)i. West Virginia breaks off and doesn’t go with the confederacyii. MO, KY, MD, and DE still have slavery but haven’t secedediii. These states are saying “look, we choose to govern ourselves differently we don’t want to be part of the union”C. Southern Strategy1. Fight defensively, resist, survive, hold on, become a viable nationD. Northern Strategy1. Led by Winfield Scotti. 3 components of his “anaconda” plana. Blockade the southern portsb. Take control of the Mississippi Riverc. Strike deep into southern territory with northern armsd. It worked2. First victim was General Irvin McDowell, in charge of the Union Army of the Potomaci. Based around D.C.ii. Marched his soldiers south toward Richmonda. Battle of Bull Run resulted(1) Southern commander General Beauregard of Charleston attempted to go around the side(2) Union troops begin to fall back(i) Poorly trained regiments fell out of order and ran(3) People were watching like it was a spectator sport(i) Traffic ensued, hell broke loose(4) Confederate army was happy about all of this(i) Beauregard’s army wasn’t put together enough to even pursue the running Union Army(5) Northern politicians realized this wasn’t going to be just a 3 month war(i) Lincoln made a call for 400,000 volunteers to serve for 3 years(ii) Replaced McDowell with George McClellan(a) Built a staff of 65 officers(b) Organized, supplied, and trained the Union ArmyE. Border States1. Lincoln needed to keep them or the Union would lose the wari. Realized KY was the lynchpina. Losing KY means losing MO and WVF. Confederate West1. Defense was entrusted to a former Union General named Albert Sidney Johnston to theConfederate Army2. Ulysses Grant (Union Army) in charge of capturing 2 forts on the TN and Cumberland Riversi. Forced Fort Henry and Fort Donelson to surrender3. Battle of Shilohi. Grant heads to Pittsburgh Landing and puts 40,000 troops in Shilohii. Johnston attacked with 40,000 troopsiii. 24,000 casualties on each side4. Union Captured New Orleans Forti. Led by David FarragutG. The way the war was designed meant it would be very bloody1. Their weapons were more advanced than their tactics2. Medical care was AWFULH. Spring of 18621. McClellan was ready to execute his elaborate plani. He’s going to flank Richmond from the southeastii. Lincoln worried about confederates attacking Washington D.C. so at the last minute he withdrew some forced from McClellan’s command to keep some defense in Washingtona. McClellan was hurt by thisiii. McClellan was too cautiousa. Decided to abandon the campaign even though it was working and Lincoln replaced McClellan with General Halleck(1) General Pope also led for a while but he was reckless so McClellan was restored to commandI. Jefferson Davis and the Confederates1. Prospects of being recognized as a nation weren’t so good anymore2. Falling apart3. Army in VA led by Robert E. Lee decided on a desperate gamblei. He would invade the north to prove to other nations that they were not going to losea. Moved into Maryland in September of 1862 and the Battle of Antietam ensued(1) One of his officers left a copy of Lee’s invasion orders so the Union knew his plan(i) Union attack was not coordinated(a) More confederate forces arrived- McClellan broke off the attack and withdrew, Lincoln replaced McClellan with Burnside then HookerIII. Political DivisionA. Northern Democrats were divided1. Some were loyal to the war efforts, others wanted the war to be over (Copperheads)B. Republicans divided1. Moderates supported preserving the union at all costs2. Radicals wanted immediate emancipation of all slavesi. Lincoln didn’t want to lose the border statesIV. Clicker QuestionsA. Winfield Scott’s “Anaconda Plan” included a blockade of Southern ports, control of the Mississippi river, and to invade deep into confederate territoryB. Union Flag Officer David Farragut made his reputation by capturing the Confederate city of New


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OU HIST 1483 - The Civil War

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