HIST 1483 1st Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last LectureI. The Great AwakeningII. English Economic ControlIII. Emergence of Economic and Social Elites in Colonial SocietyIV. The Slave TradeV. MigrationVI. CLICKER QUESTIONSOutline of Current LectureI. Imperial RivalryII. CLICKER QUESTIONSCurrent LectureI. Imperial RivalryA. Contest for North American continentB. Spanish colonies in the north were very remote and were colonized over a long period oftime1. First: Juan de Oñate up the Rio Grande Valley starting in 1598i. Oñate moved in and settled on the lands of the Pueblo and Zumi after conquering them and pushing them out of their most arable landii. New Mexico became one of the most important and populated (20,000-30,000 people by 1770s) Spanish colonies2. Pimeria Altai. San Xavier del Bac, a mission founded in the Santa Cruz valley called Pimeria Alta,the land of the upper Pima Indiansii. Jesuits founded a small chain of missions here3. Tehasi. Spain tried to found an ongoing colony in Texas as a buffer many times because they were worried about penetration from other Europeans, particularly the FrenchThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ii. Tried to convert Caddo, Wichita, and coastal Indians to Catholicism but were unsuccessfuliii. Tried to establish military presence in Texas but couldn’tiv. By the 1770s there are only a couple thousand Spanish people in Texasv. Moses Austin came up with a plan to bring American settlers into Texas provided they all converted to Catholicism and become Spanish citizensa. New Spain breaks away and becomes Mexicob. His plan succeededvi. In this era Texas is far, sparsely populated by non-Indians4. Alta Californiai. Last of North American places that Spain decides to colonizeii. Couldn’t get many settlers so they had to use the Franciscan order to lead the way iii. San Francisco not founded until 1776C. French1. Started with the reign of Louis the 14th2. French contact in America has been sold short because of the Anglo bias3. After nearly half of a century of failure the French finally established their base in theSt. Lawrence in Quebec and Montreal under Champlaini. Era of the Huron and the Iroquois block them to the south4. Rapidly establish trade relationships with their Indian neighborsi. Traded tools, hatchets, knives, clothes, etc. for fursii. First cargo ship from the St. Lawrence to France had bales of furs, which established New France economically and stimulated interest in the coloniesiii. Committed to a rather single-minded colonial policy built on establishing fur trade which led them into the Ohio Valley and Mississippi Valleyiv. This is a trading network, not a pattern of colonial settlement5. French dominated the region between the Great Lakes and the Ohio River because they were supported by their Indian allies6. Owed much to the Spanishi. Explored the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers who didn’t go all the way to the end of it7. La Salle wanted to find the mouth of the Mississippi and realized whoever controlled the mouth controlled much of the interiori. Went back to New France, back to France, delivered a plan to establish a colony at the mouth of the Mississippi called Louisiana ii. Failed to find the mouth of the Mississippi so founded another colony that was largely unsuccessfula. Sends Spain into panic because the French were on their doorstep in Texas8. In 1699 Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville founded the Louisiana colony and settlement in New Orleansi. Understood the importance of controlling the mouthii. Still difficult to make this colony successfuliii. Ultimately the French colonists persuaded the crown to let them import slaves from Senegala. Louisiana became a slave colonyb. Early crops were indigo and tobaccoc. Still barely hanging on, not very prosperous, pretty dispersed, not very populated9. All French colonies had a total population of about 70,000i. Still important and fiercely defendedii. Each war fought in Europe between the French, Spanish, and English had an American componenta. Every war spilled over into North America and ends up as a bloody conflictD. King William’s War (Nine Years’ War/War of Augsburg)1. French and English2. Fought between 1689 and 16973. Featured relatively limited fighting in North Americai. There was and attack on New Franceii. English captured Port Royal4. Both sides used Indian alliesE. War of Spanish Succession (Queen Anne’s War)1. Louis the 14th placed his grandson Phillip on the Spanish throneF. English tried to capture Quebec1. Pattern? English colonies try to take French Canada2. Treaty of Utrecht ended the war3. English won the right to the Hudson Bay, Newfoundland, and Nova ScotiaG. King George’s War and French and Indian War1. French & Indian War preludes led to 25 years of peace in North Americai. British preoccupied with Spain, not France2. Proximity of Spanish settlements in Florida became a problem for the Englishi. In 1731 the English Board of Trade proposed a buffer colony to be built between the Carolina colony and Spanish Floridaa. Was supposed to be run by the militaryb. Was populated by convicts and other undesirable peoplec. James Oglethorpe played the leading role in founding it(1) Georgia named after King George(2) Wanted an elaborately planned settlement(3) Set out to built his city, Savannah(4) Colonists complained about his dictatorial rule(i) Long list of regulations including a prohibition against slavery, land grants large than 500 acres, total prohibition against alcohol(5) Georgia failed and became a royal colony much like Carolina (South)(i) Economy built on rice, indigo, and plantation slaveryd. Spanish reacted with alarm and anger to the new Georgia settlement(1) British were always smuggling in the Caribbean which was defiant of an agreement between the British and Spanish called the Assiento which said the British could bring 1 shipload of goods per year to the Spanish colonies in the Caribbean(i) Robert Jenkins was one of the smugglers and was caught in 1731 and they cut off his ear(ii) 7 years later he appeared in parliament with his ear and parliament was outraged and the War of Jenkins’ Ear erupted3. King George’s War pitted England against France and Spaini. 1739-1748ii. Involved many militia units recruited in the coloniesa. English colonists conquered Louisburg and after the war England gave it back to