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OU HIST 1483 - The Jacksonian Era

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HIST 1483 1st Edition Lecture 18Outline of Last LectureI. The Rise of the SouthII. Southern Justification/RationalizationIII. Abolition of SlaveryIV. Approaching the Civil WarV. Examining the Lives of SlavesVI. Clicker QuestionsOutline of Current LectureI. Andrew JacksonII. Clicker QuestionsCurrent LectureI. Andrew JacksonA. Supporters of his political ideas came after the “Era of Good Feelings”B. President from 1828-18361. “Jacksonian Era” (AKA “Rise of the Common Man”)i. This is the time in which the average man won the right to participate in politics both as an office holder and a voterii. Jackson represented a break from the old privilege classesa. His election represented the abolition of economic and social monopoliesiii. Laissez-Faire concepts gained wide applicationiv. 2-party system restoreda. He and his followers split the Jeffersonian Republicans(1) Due to rivalry among national leaders at the time(2) Jackson credited with creating the Democratic partyb. Against the Whig partyc. Political division also came from class differences(1) Laborers vs. manufacturers(2) Planters vs. yeoman farmer(3) Old wealth vs. new wealth(4) Had the effect of increasing the sectionalism in the U.S.(i) North and south, east and westC. Election of 18241. CandidatesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. William Crawforda. Southern aristocratb. Candidate of the Republican caucusii. John Quincy Adamsa. Son of former presidentb. Secretary of State to Monroec. Aristocratic, coldd. Harvard graduateiii. Henry Claya. Speaker of the Houseb. Idle of westernersc. Advocate of his American Systemiv. Andrew Jacksona. Nominated by the TN legislatureb. Hero of the Battle of New Orleansc. Indian fighterd. Self-made man of the frontier of Western North Carolinae. Became a lawyer by educating himselff. Advanced rapidly in TN society through influence, by obtaining land, by building his own plantation, acquired slaves and a fortune, etc.g. Served on the legislature and as a general on the frontierh. Only candidate with national supporti. Made several enemies:(1) Daniel Webster(2) Henry Clayj. Won more electoral & popular votes than the other 3 candidates but he was not the majority winner(1) Someone has to win the majority of the votes(i) Each state gets one vote(ii) The House of Representative decided2. Corrupt Bargaini. Clay was the Speaker of the House so he made sure Jackson, his rival, didn’t wina. Swings the vote behind Quincy Adams(1) Quincy Adams appoints Clay as his Secretary of State(2) They worked out an arrangement… is this corrupt?3. Jackson continues to campaign the election of 1828 which he winsD. Great social change taking place in the U.S.1. North and south: territorial expansion2. New spirit of nationalismi. Spirited egalitarianisma. People should be treated equallyii. Became disrespectful of authority and aristocratic pretensionsiii. Farmers and mechanics were seen as having as much practical wisdom and nativeability as elitesiv. Began demanding equality of opportunitya. Hard work and virtue, not special privilege or inherited wealth, should bring successb. For the first time the power and influence of the common person increased3. Americans still clung to doctrines of natural rights but in this age it translated into the expansion of political poweri. See textii. Now people, through popular vote, elect the presidentiii. More practical political power for even common people4. New Democrats believed power and privilege were dangerous to democracyi. Should be a regular turnover in officeholdersE. Lots of effort at this time to popularize presidential campaigns1. Jackson’s image on a sewing box indicates that women’s opinions were solicitedF. From 1825-1828 Jackson and his supporters built a coalition with diverse support that forms the foundations of the Democratic party1. Eastern workingmen supported him because they disliked monopoly and privileged elitesi. Worked in factories and as farmersa. Farmers wanted to reform the land policy and be protected from land speculatorsb. Favored Indian removalc. Suspicious of federal governmentd. Southern plantation owners disliked Clay’s American System, especially the tariff provision2. Party of outsidersG. Election of 1828 was a smashing victory for Jackson1. Partly due to newly organized political machine in NYi. Put together by Jackson’s ally Van Buren2. Brought the problem of keeping the diverse party togetheri. His inauguration in 1829 was nearly a mob sceneii. There was nearly a riotH. When he finally took office his principles came to the forefronts1. Return to the spoil systemi. To the victor belongs the spoil2. Jackson believed in short terms and rotation of officei. Most of those he removed he accused of corruption or incompetence3. Jackson’s years were marked by sharp conflict and social/political upheaval4. Removal of Indian tribesI. Noteworthy actions he took1. Devoted his presidency to demolishing the notions of privilegei. Wanted to benefit the western independent farmers and eastern workingmen2. Three Crises of Jacksoni. The Nullification Crisis over the Federal Tariffa. Signal of growing split between northern and southern regionsb. Controversy grew out of federal tariff policies after the War of 1812c. Federal tariff more hurt southerners and helped northernersd. In 1832, Congress passed a tariff which established the highest duties ever(1) Very opposed by South Carolina farmers, whose spokesman was Calhoun (Jackson’s VP)e. There was the same question that was addressed in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolves: could the states say something was unconstitutional and thus null and void?(1) Calhoun became a spokesman for the nullification argument(2) Jackson, at the Jefferson Day Dinner, offered a toast to Calhoun that said “Our Union, it must be preserved”(3) Relations between them soured(4) Those angry about the tariff turned to Calhoun(5) In 1832, a state convention declared that the federal tariff was null and void which Jackson denounced as illegal(i) He asked Congress to give him the power to use force to execute federal law called the Force Act(a) South Carolina voted to nullify this Act too(b) Nullification crisis passed anyway- Important because it indicates that states have the right to nullify and ultimately secede when they don’t agree with legislation(ii) Meanwhile,


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