PSY 113 1st Edition Lecture 22Outline of Last Lecture I. How we assess personalityII. Defense MechanismsIII. Neo-Freudian thinkersIV. Humanistic theoriesV. Factor analysisVI. Personality testsOutline of Current LectureI. Freudian TheoryII. Neo-FreudianIII. Humanistic viewIV. Personality traitsV. Social Cognitive learning view of personalityVI. Assessing personalityCurrent LectureAnnouncements-MindTap essays are being graded by TAs-America the beautiful extra credit-2 surveys available: online and eating behaviorPsychodynamic Theories of Perosonality-Freudian Theory- Personality is an energy that moves among three compartments- Ido the primitive drives (eg. Hunger, thirst, and sex)o pleasure principle – immediate gratification and relief- Egoo Readily seen by otherso It coordinates the needs of the id with reality- Superegoo Internalization of society’s rules for right and wrongo The conscience- Threats to the balance of these three can lead to anxiety of the sense that danger is around the corner (defense mechanisms)-Neo-Freudian: major motivation for human behavior is social competenceThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Alfred Adlero Inferiority complex: overwhelming feelings of inferiority can lead to overcompensation, usually in the form of seeking the appearance of superiority rather than the substance- Carl Jungo Personal unconscious: what’s below the surface of awarenesso Collective unconscious: our common psychological predispositions as humans passed from generation to generation (mother or father archetype)- Karen Horneyo Rejected Freud’s ideas to concentrate on aspects of the culture that contributed to women’s feelings of inferiority-Humanistic View of Personality- Humanistic Psychologists approach the study of personality by focusing on uniqueness and innate goodness in people- Abraham Maslowo Believed that exceptional people had a number of common traits (creativity, realistic thinking)- Carl Rogerso Humans strive for self-actualization maximizing their individual potential-Trait Theories- Early trait theories- Alport and Odbert: 4500 words used to describe people reduced to 16 major personality traitso Each trait had a continuum between opposites- The Big Five Theory (NEO-PI-R)o Openness: more likely to be interested in exploring aspects of life that are different from their owno Conscientiousness: reliable, work hard, and complete tasks on timeo -Extroversion/Introversion: on one side, more seeking of social activity and on the other side, want time to themselves to recharge their batterieso Agreeableness: characterized by trustworthiness, altruism, trust, compliance, modesty, and tender mindednesso Neuroticism (good for survival): characterized anxiety, angry hostility, depression, self-consciousness, impulsivity, and vulnerability-Social-Cognitive Lerning View of Personality- Cofnition and learning, especially from the social environment as important sources of individualdifferences in personality- Locus of control:o External: most of the things that happen to you occur because of chance, luck, or factorsbeyond your controlo Internal: most of your outcomes are due to your own efforts- Reciprocal determinism:o Coined by Albert Bandurao Balanced between external, environmental factors and internal traits, behavior influences and is influenced by both the social world and personal characteristics- Self-efficacy: level of confidence in your own abilities to gain reinforcement-Assessing Personality- Personality inventorieso MMPI (originally used for clinical psychological diagnosis)- Projective Testso Rorschach Inkblot Test (still widely used, yet unreliable and not