PSY 113 1st Edition Lecture 21Outline of Last Lecture I. What is personality?II. Testing PersonalityIII. Psychodynamic theoriesIV. Psychologists’ theories on personalityV. Trait theoriesOutline of Current LectureI. How we assess personalityII. Defense MechanismsIII. Neo-Freudian thinkersIV. Humanistic theoriesV. Factor analysisVI. Personality testsCurrent LectureHow Do We Assess Personality?-How do we define personality?- Characteristic patterns of:o Thinkingo Feelingo Behaving- Specific theoretical perspectives-Personality – Freudian Psychodynamic-Personality structure of personality:- Id: pleasure and gratification- Ego- Superego: moral and ethical principles, do the right thingFreud’s Defense Mechanisms-personality protection-unconscious distortions of reality-reduce anxiety-protect the EGODisplacement – Defense Mechanism-redirecting one’s feelings and emotions toward another person or object-often displaced onto less threatening thingsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-students taking out their anger on others = bullyingCarl Jung – Neo-Freudian Thinker-Personality: extroversion vs introversion-Personal Unconscious (Freud’s theory of id, ego, superego) contributes to personality-Collective unconscious: archetypes of darkness, power, death, parents also contribute to personalityHumanistic Theories of personality-every person is a unique thinker-innately good-driven to achieve personal fulfillmentPersonality Traits-Allport and Odbert (1936)-categorization-4,500 characteristics into 16 categories process referred to as factor analysisFactor analysis-statistical method-used to analyze-how personality traits clustered together?-Five big personality traits:- Openness- Conscientious- Extroverted- Agreeable- NeuroticRemember it as (OCEAN)The Big Five Theory (Costa and McCrae)-works on a scale, you get higher or lower ratings on the scale for each trait-Which trait correlates most positively with success across work settings and professions?Answer: conscientiousnessSocial-Cognitive Learning Theory-Influence of a Person on the situation-Influence of Situation on the person-Mutual Influence = reciprocal determinismMinnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart-critical findings-genetic and biological role in personality-SIMILAR TO ONE ANOTHER-regardless of positive or negative correlations-two identical people raised in different environments have very similar personalities, and shows that genetics is a big part of personalityWhat is a GOOD personality test?-Accurate- Measures what it claims to measure- VALIDITY-Dependable- Consistent across time- RELIABILITYMeyers-briggs type indicator-widely used but lacking researchMinnesota Multiphasic personality Inventory-MMPI-designed for clinical diagnosisProjective Personality Tests-rorschach-limited reliability and
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