PSY 113 1st Edition Lecture 10Outline of Last Lecture I. Motivation and EmotionII. Drive Reduction theoryIII. Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsIV. Self-Determination TheoryOutline of Current LectureI. Motivation and EmotionsII. Moods and EmotionsIII. Motivation and ArousalIV. Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsV. Self Determination TheoryVI. Eating DisordersVII. Sexual DesireCurrent Lecture-intrinsic rewards are more powerful than material rewardsMotivation and Emotions-Key concepts:- Drive reduction theory- Hunger and eating- Sexual behavior- Need for affiliation and achievement- 4 theories-chemical associated/correlated with obesity: leptinMoods and Emotions-mood is general, it’s more pervasive than emotion-moods don’t tell us what emotions we’re experiencing, they have more specificity to them-emotions are a combination of physiological and subjective feelings (combo of physical sensations and subjective feelings)-feeling happy? You have a physiology experience of this-facial muscles have a physical response to happiness, just like your eyesExample: in class we felt our cheeks, then smiled, and felt our cheeks tense up-friends want to go out and party, but you stay in to study because you have a higher desire for achievementMotivation and ArousalThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.The Yerkes-Dodson curve-Graph efficiency of performance on y axis, and level of arousal on x axis. Optimal level in the middle. If you get overly aroused (tons of red bull, caffeine overdose), performance will go down and you will become inefficient-optimal level of performance: moderate level of arousalMaslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsLevels:- Transcendence- Self-actualization needs: to find self-fulfillment and realize one’s potential- Aesthetic needs: symmetry, order, and beauty- Cognitive needs: to know, understand and explore- Esteem needs: to achieve, be competent, and gain approval ad recognition- Belongingness and love needs: to affiliate with others, be accepted, and belong- Safety needs: to feel secure and safe, out of danger- Physiological needs: hunger, thirst, and so forthSelf Determination Theory-Autonomy-Mastery (Competence)-ConnectionSatiety-when fat stores are high and leptin levels are highEating behaviorStopsAutonomic nervous systemSympathetic nervous system is activated; body expends nutrientsHigher metabolic activityHypothalamusEating Disorders-Anorexia nervosa- Have a distorted view of your own body image – you’re never thin enough- brain processes resemble addiction like smoking or drinking-Bulimia nervosa- eating and purging-Binge eating disorder- Eating a lot then regurgitating the foodSexual Desire-Influenced by our:- Horomones- Senses- Thoughts- Cultures-Sexual attraction- Magnetic feeling when you look at someone-Sexual satisfaction- How satisfied are you with your experiences-Sexual orientation- Who do we prefer engaging in sexual actions with-women want romance and associate sexual behavior with romance-guys are hormonally programmed with more testosterone-if you want to be happy, you need intimate human connectionsThe biology of emotions-amygdala (in the lower brain, where basic functions are located, where fear and love are) and insula-cingulate cortex and basal ganglia-cerebral cortex-emotions in deep center in our brainWhat Causes Emotions? 3 Theories-percieved stimulus  specific physical arousal  subjective feeling (William Janes)See a spider  yikes im frightened-percieved stimulus  physical responses and subjective feeling simultaneously (Cannon-Bard)-percieved stimulus  general arousal  assessment of surroundings  subjective feeling (Schacter-Singer)Emotion Theory 4 – S.A.M.E.-somatovisceral afference model of emotion – same-fearLess cognitive processing requiredExperiencing psychology: Real or Fake?-which smile is fake and which is