PSY 113 1st Edition Lecture 18Outline of Last Lecture I. Declarative MemoryII. Improving MemoryIII. ForgettingOutline of Current LectureI. Conceptsa. Organizing Conceptsb. Theoriesc. SchemasII. Problem Solvinga. Algorithmsb. HeuristicsCurrent LectureChapter 10 – Cognition-how do we think? Solve problems?-Images: representations of sensory experiences that are stored in memory and can be retrieved for useConcepts – How do we define things?-what features are necessary?-How flexible should the definition be?Organizing Concepts-superordinate – Fruit-basic – pears-subordinate – Bartlett (a type of pear)Concepts as “Theories”-guides our thinking-test for accuracyEx. Is an avocado a fruit? how similar is it to a prototypical fruit? How similar is it to other fruits, like apples or oranges? What properties does it share with other fruits?Schemas – Representations stored in memory-used to guide behavior-interpret new situationsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Ex. When you get on a plane, you have a schema in your mind telling you how to get on the plane, get in your seat, fasten your seatbelt, and you can predict what to do, where to go, and how to behave on a plane.Problem-Solving: Algorithms-Step-by-step approach that leads to a solution-utility theory-well-structured vs. ill-structured problems1. Understand the problem2. Make a plan3. Carry out the plan4. Look back: problem solved? If no, then try again, back at step 1.Problem-Solving:
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