PSY 113 1st Edition Lecture 15Outline of Last Lecture I. Declarative MemoryII. Improving MemoryIII. ForgettingOutline of Current LectureI. Learninga. Associative Learningb. Non associative learningc. Observational learningII. ReinforcementIII. Bandura StudyCurrent LectureLearning-learning – relatively permanent change in behavior (not due to fatigue, illness, drug ingestion)-3 types of learning: associative, non-associative, observational-Associative Learning:- Form connections between stimulis and behaviors- Classical and operant-Non associative learning- Change in magnitude of response to stimulus- Habituation, sensitization-observational learning- Social learning- Organism learns by watching anotherClassical Conditioning-stimuli paire together, one reacts to the stimulus as if the other is present- Unconditioned stimulus- Unconditioned response- Conditioned stimulus- Conditioned responseOperant Conditioning-learning by consequence of your behavior-positive reinforcement: give a person a positive stimulus to encourage behaviorEx. Give them a cookie if they do their choresThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-negative reinforcement: remove unpleasant stimulus to encourage behaviorEx. If you do your chores, you don’t have to babysit your annoying little sibling-positive punishment: apply aversive consequenceEx. A speeding ticket-negative punishment: remove something desirableEx. Take away the person’s computerNon-associative Learning-habituation: reduce our reactions to repeated experiencesEx. You’d sleep better at a hotel the second night you’re there-sensitization: increase reaction to a range of stimuli after exposure to a strong stimulusEx. A boy caught in an earthquake will now be more sensitive to any loud noises and shakingSchedule of Reinforcement-fixed interval-fixed ratio-variable interval-variable ratio-extinction: removal of reinforce, behavior stops occurringVocab-generalization: conditioned stimulus evolves similar reaction to similar stimulusEx. Getting stung by a bumble bee and being scared of wasps and yellow jackets as well-discrimination: can discriminate between two different but similar stimuliBandura Study-imitation: kids watched aggressive adults and showed some aggression on bo bo dolls in the same way the adults before them
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