PSY 113 1st Edition Lecture 16Outline of Last Lecture I. Memory ProcessII. What is Memory?III. Stages and Types of Memorya. Sensory Memoryb. Short Term Memoryc. Working Memoryd. Long Term MemoryOutline of Current LectureI. Declarative MemoryII. Improving MemoryIII. ForgettingCurrent LectureDeclarative Memory-Semantic + Episodic = Autobiographical-nondeclarative memory – procedural memoryWe can’t describe and explain them, they’re action skillsImproving memory (Total Recall)-Retrieval: Flashbulb Memories-you’re retrieving memory from long-term parts of your brain-these are retrieved instantly-remembering when 9/11 happened-Retrieval: Eyewitness Testimony-reconstructive errors-“planting” ideas and leading questions-Forgetting: Where’s I park the car?-previously formed memory-you can’t forget something that you never learned or encoded-lack of attention-encoding failure-Theories of forgetting-decay theory: gradual fading of memory traces as a function of timeEx. Facts you learned in school gradually fade out of memory over timeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-interference theory: disruption of memory caused by interference of previously learned material or newly learned materialEx. After sitting through your biology lecture, you forget what you learned in chemistry class the hour before-retrieval theory: failure to access material stored in memory because of encoding failure or lack of retrieval cuesEx. You have difficulty remembering something you know is stored in memory-motivated forgetting: repression of anxiety-provoking materialEx. You cannot remember a traumatic childhood experienceImprove your memory – improve your grades-distributed practice-spread out time you spend studying for a test, better than cramming-take tests-learn better, remember more, get better grades if you test yourself frequently-sleep-consolidates memories (resets memories in your head), positive benefits for remembering things-recitation-put information into your own words-talking about things-interactive conversations-mnemonics-Greeks used it to remember words using letters from them-Ex. SohCahToaShort term memory has-limited duration (20 to 30 seconds)-limited capacity (7 plus or minus 2 pieces of information like numbers)Interpersonal Relationships – Transactive Shared Memory-a couple of people transfer memories back and forth, one can forget something and expect the other to remember it, common in a long-lasting
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