PSY 113 1st Edition Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture I. What is this class aboutII. What is happiness?III. The three different types of happinessOutline of Current Lecture I. The roots of psychologyII. Structuralisma. IntrospectionIII. FunctionalismIV. Psychodynamic TheoryV. BehaviorismVI. Human PsychologyVII. Gestalt ViewpointVIII. Cognitive PsychologyCurrent LectureChapter 1Who are you?Goals of Psychology:- Describe behavior- Explain behavior- Predict behavior- Control or change behaviorThe Roots of Psychology – Philosophy-Plato (427 – 347 BCE) to Rene Descartes (1596 - 1650)- Pondering the relationship between the mind and body, and between knowledge and experience-Empiricists such as Locke (1632 - 1704)- Viewed the mind as a blank slate-Eventually, philosophical concepts and a physiological understanding of the brain merged-Psychology from the Latin root words “psyche” meaning soul, and “logos” meaning the study ofStructuralismThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-Structuralists wanted to break down our minds, our consciousness, into different parts by watching people perform tasks-The father of psychology is Wilhelm Wundt (1832 - 1920)-Edward Titchener (1867 - 1923)-Your consciousness can be broken into essential elementsStructuralism – Introspection-Personal observation- Our own thoughts, feelings, and behaviorsFunctionalism-William James (1842 - 1910)Key ideas:-our consciousness-serves an adaptive purpose by helping us survive-purposeful function-James wrote textbook called “Principles of Psychology”-dominant view of todayPsychodynamic Theory – Sigmund Freud (1856 - 1939)-Our behavior is deeply influenced by unconscious thoughts, impulses, desires-many unconscious drives are either sexual or destructive in nature-3 Main parts:1. Id: primal instincts (sexual/ aggressive) uncontrolled2. Ego: organize drives into who you are, because who you are3. Super Ego: good vs evil, right from wrong, the policeman in your head, your conscienceBehaviorism-James B. Watson (1878 - 1958)-B. F. Skinner (1904 - 1996)-Key idea: our behavior is learned, observable, and measurable-PAVLOV Dogs experiment-how you behave under rewards/punishment- positive reinforcementHumanistic Psychology-Abraham Maslow (1908 - 1970)-Carl Rogers (1902 - 1987)-Key idea: we have free will to live more creative, meaningful, and satisfying lives-Maslow’s idea: self-actualization-Carl Rogers: psychotherapistGestalt (Gesh-talt) Viewpoint-“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.”-Max Wertheimer (1880 - 1941)-Key idea: to understand consciousness-study the whole, not just the component partsCognitive Psychology-Ulric Neiser (1928 - 2012)-Key idea: how our brain processes information, and how it influences how we
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