Slide 1Slide 2Cardinal Richelieu & Cardinal MazarinLarger than life and twice as natural: Louis XIV nRaising moneySlide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Europe 1756Habsburg Enlightened DespotsThe Scientific RevolutionSlide 13Slide 14EnlightenmentSlide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24GreeceTERMS for Absolutism and Enlightenment, March 4, 2013 Absolutism The New Science Richelieu Francis Bacon Louis XIV “The Sun King” Empiricism Mazarin William Harvey Intendants & Venality Newton & Leibniz Mercantilism Enlightenment! Jean Baptiste Colbert Montesquieu Versailles Voltaire Prussia Adam Smith Enlightened DespotsMusic: J.S. Bach, Brandenburg Concerto #5, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rCAbgtr2yOk 8:56J.S.Bach, Ricecar a 6 (A Musical Offering), http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bsh88GrsY34 Science: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Es3LbywpzAE :54 Apollo Galileo gravityhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Kv-U5tjNCY 4:03 – Pisa Galileo and NewtonKEY EUROPEAN ABSOLUTIST STATESFranceLouis XIV r.1643-1715 (r = regnavit … Latin …)SwedenGustavus Adolphus r. 1611-1632Charles XI r. 1660-1697 & Charles XII r. 1697-1718RussiaTsar Peter the Great r. 1689-1725Tsarina Catherine the Great r. 1762-1796PrussiaFrederick I r.1688-1713Frederick William I r. 1713-1740Frederick II the Great r. 1740-1786Habsburg Empire (Austrian Habsburgs)Maria Theresa r. 1740-1780Joseph II r. 1780-1790, Holy Roman Emperor 1765-1790Cardinal Richelieu & Cardinal Mazarin Ran things until Louis XIV was 23 •Chief minister 1643-1661 •Became very wealthy • •Ran things for Louis XIII, 1624-1642•Installed the Intendants•Razed the castles•Defeated the Huguenots•Fought the Thirty Years’ War•Intendants to run the provincesLarger than life and twice as natural:Louis XIV nThe Model of Absolutism•Goodbye Protestants (1685)•Calming Paris•Occupying the nobles•Versailles•“L’état, c’est moi” (I am the state)Here Comes Le Roi Soleil “It’s good to be King…and have your own way.” – Tom PettyKing for 72 years; ruled ~63 yearsRaising money•Ended corruption•Continued venality of offices•Fired idle officials•National tariffs•Built industry – esp. luxuries•More babies now, more taxes laterJean-Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683)“Only the little people pay taxes” – Leona Helmsley (and Colbert)France Grows under Louis XIVSweden in the 17th century, beginning with Gustavus AdolphusRussia under Peter the Great, r. 1689-1725The Rise of PrussiaFrederick the GreatEurope 1756PolandFrancePrussiaBritainHabsburg EmpireRussiaOttoman Empirewww.swiaczny.deHabsburg Enlightened DespotsAustrian Empress Maria TheresaAustrian and H.R. Emperor Joseph IIThe Scientific RevolutionTextbook calls it “The New Science”•Galileo – Pisa, 1589•Francis Bacon – England, 1620oScientific Method oEmpiricismoInductive Reasoning•Academies of science•William Harvey: Circulation of Blood, England, 1628•Newton and LeibnizWilliam HarveyWilliam Harvey De Motu CordisEnlightenmentApplying reason to everything……even government, society, and religion•Montesquieu’s Persian Letters•Voltaire and China•The attack on the irrationaloArbitrary authorityoTortureoReligious fanaticism: the Lisbon Earthquake•Welcome the enlightened despots!•Adam SmithThe Palace at VersaillesPalace at VersaillesVersailles planVersailles GardensVersailles: The Hall of MirrorsIn the Hall of MirrorsNo longer the exclusive privilege it once was.They’ll let anyone in here now!VersaillesVersailles Point of ConvergenceHabsburg Empire before
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