Review For Last Exam-Fourth Exam…..1. Society, science and culture in late 19th century Western Europea. PeopleLouis Pasteur- pasteurization started out with the germ theorySir Joseph Lister- English Doctor, surgeon, though to sterilize instruments to reduce germs, less deaths occur due to surgery nowNapoleon III-(Louis Napoleon) Ruled France, helped in modernizing city from medieval to modern city Baron Haussmann- knocking housing to make boulevards from the middle of the cities (making it also harder to rebel)Karl Marx- invented communism, great theory but didn’t actually workJohn Snow- He found out that Cholera is related to water that comes from the water pumps (WILL BE ON THE EXAM)b. PlacesLondon- capital city of Great Britain, know the locationParis- know the locationc. TermsCholera-symptoms diarrhea, vomiting, water carries these germs due the sewer system using the same water for water pumpsMiasma- Great clod of great “bad smelling air” that made you sick, pollutionAnthrax- Louis Pasteur made this, first vaccineBoulevard- big wide streets, lots in Paris, shows that it is a modern cityOmnibus- Bus, Latin term- “For everyone”Electric trolley- invented after electricityMetro- underground system of transitCommuter-self explanatoryIndustrialist- believes in country should continue to modernize Capitalist- believes in no government interventionDynamo- early electric generator2. “Western Imperialism1. PeopleCommodore Perry-(Mathew) - opened up japan to trade with other countries in the west using gunboat diplomacy, threating a nation to attack using gunboats and arms if they don’t trade with themSayyid Said- Ruler of China-1804-1806, Ruler from the middle east- developed colonies in Africa and moved them to ZoharBoers-Europeans who colonized South Africa, “Dutch, Afrikaners”Tokugawa-Shoganut, 16th century to mid-19 century, Japanese did not want to trade with the westMeji Emperor- Resume direct control over japan, rapid modernization, rail road’s everywhere and succeed TokugawaPu yi- last emperor of china, communism in 1949 and still remains sob. PlacesJapan- you should know where that isMadagascar- know where it isZanzibar- know where it isSouth Africa- know where that isGerman Southwest Africa- know where that isAbyssinia- also known as Ethiopia, know where it isIndia- you should know where that isc. TermsColonialism- took place in Europe- Europeans went to non-European placesColonies- foreign holding of non-European places and Europeans take over non-European landTariffs- taxes mainly on imports, also on exportsOpium- bad drug, kills you, Chinese get addicted to this new source of trade by the Britain, but Chinese before only used to exchange hard coin but Britain took advantage of this and made profitSlave Trade- Trans Atlantic slave trade, Britain banned it in 1807, and in U.S. 1808Palm oil- used to make silk, new African exportCocoa beans- new African exportSepoy- Indian native soldiers in India, hurts British control over south continentThe Opium War- British sells opium to china illegally, china objects, war happens, china loses and has to give Britain land in return The Scramble for Africa- 1870’s and 1880’s European countries can’t attack themselves, so they try to gain as much land as possible from AfricaThe Great Trek- Boers Afrikaners, start at the coast they moved to cavel ranch, already people there, Eubantos which causes warBattle of Adua/Adowa- main war between Italian and Ethiopian war, Ethiopian winTokugawa Shogunate- extreme isolation in japanRusso-Japan War- war between Japan, Russia, Japan wins- shocks European countries because this proves that japan is a major world powerBoxer Rebellion- secret society, Blood bath occurs, against the influences in china, European countries attack china since Chinese attack white peopleTiping Rebellion- unsuccessful rebellion against Britain- led by “Said to be the younger brother of Jesus” blood bath again3, Nation-building in the western Hemispherea. PeopleDom Pedro I- Ruler of Brazil, declares himself emperorCharles III-“Carlos III”, king of Spain, develops casa de contraction, board of trade, free trade in Spanish colonies in South AmericaJose Gabriel Condorcanqui/Tupac Amaru II- rebellion in Peru, fairly successful but put down by the viceroyFerdinand VII- king of Spain- opposed, Joseph came on throne thanSimon Bolivar- “George Washington of South America” frees countries like VenezuelaAbraham Lincoln-president of United States, first republicanTheodore Roosevelt-“Teddy” set of Spanish American war, charges uphillBumiec mountain dog- Teddy Rooseveltb. PlacesSouth American- Know where it isBrazil- Know where it isRio de Janeiro- Know where it isBuenos Aires- Know where it isTexas- Know where it isMexico- Know where it isThe Alamo- Know where it isThe confederacy- southern half of United StatesPeru- Know where it isc. TermsClasses in Spanish Colonies: (ordered by number from highest to lowest)1. Peninsular- Spanish people born in Spain2. Creole- Spanish people born in new world, European born to Spanish parents3. Mestizo- children of Europeans and South American people, mainly men, “Mixed”4. Mulatto-children of European, black slavesCasa de contratacion- “Board of trade” Carlos, power of trade in the new worldViceroy/Viceroyalty- legally appointed governor of South America and colony, kingAudiencia-advisory consul, advice viceroy, make up of peninsularesComun/comunero-people/person-rebelCasta-caste-people mixed raceGunboat diplomacy- invented by commodore Mathew ParryArticles of Confederation-1st set of rules applied to U.S. colonies, state fight among themselvesThe constitution- in Philadelphia-made new set of rightsStates’ rights- slavery debate- federal government argues which leads to civil warCotton-cash crop mostly in south, needed slaves to grow which drives slave tradeSouth American Wars of Liberation- Simon Bolivar, South America gains independence from SpainConstitutional Convention-1789, made by general menThe Louisiana Purchase-U.S. purchases from France because Napoleon Bonaparte needs money, most of the area around MississippiMissouri Compromise- wants to enter country as slave trade but this will lead to an unbalance in slave and Free states so Maine is added as a free state to balance free and slave statesTexas war for independence-part of Mexico wins independence and applies to us but leads to next termThe Mexican War- us gains more of southwest