Review Session Boyd********Important things they need to know for the exam >>>>> TA NAME*****Things that u should knowPage 1Section 1 chapter 16 age of discoveryA.PeopleIsabella and Ferdinand- the king and queen of Spain…..drive Muslims out of Spain back into Africa….made Spain a single nationCristoforo Colombo- Christopher Columbus- discovered the new world, he thought the voyage was 3000milesb.PlacesPortugal-first to begin age of discovery, circumvent Africa to get spices, found the Indies and captures CeutaSpain-Established east route to East Indies, wanted to conquer the worldAfrica- trade occurred here…..Trans Saharan, gold, ivory, slaves, spices…… know the locationCeuta- Taken over by Portuguese in 1415 A.D. (fort hold of North Africa)….Know the locationMalacca- shipping port (southern Malay Peninsula) know the locationc.TermsMonsoon- phenomenal wind storms occurred for several months, wind was in one direction for one season and different another season, made transportation from Africa to India easierCaravel- Portuguese ship, Coge (merchant ship), Galley (Mediterranean ship)Magnetic compass- tells the direction of NorthAstrolobe- tells position North/South, latitudeShipboard Artillery- tie down stiff due to the stormsd.EventsCapture of Ceuta 1415- Portuguese capture due to 3 elements, compass, astrolabe, and caravelDiscovery of Caribbean islands- Columbus showed up here, got diseases such as small pox, found New World2nd sectiona.peopleHenri/Henery IV- King of France, converts to Catholicism, said “Paris is worth a Mass” he is an extreme protestant and has religious toleranceDuc de Sully- Help build infrastructure in France, such as Road, canals, also the advisor of Henery IV¸Hugonot, French protestantMaria de’ Medici- Henery IV’s wife, catholic, she becomes queen and does not like extreme protestant and religious tolerance, her main advisor Cardinal RichelieuCardinal Richelieu- “recognize from 3 musketeersLouis XII- song of Maria de’ Medici, dies when an infantCardinal Mazarin- successor of Cardinal Richelieu, cancels edict of nonet- (edict of tolerance)LouisXIV- sun king, architect of absolute Monarchy, one king, one religion….spending dime on himself and a lot of his favorite city Versailles, mistresses, DEBT, his advisor ColbertColbert- likes mercantilism and is a French kingHenery VII-1st king of England wins war of Roses, killing Richard III, concerned about succession, Tudor KingHenery VIII- son of Henery VII, 2nd Tudor king, 6 wives for a son, but unsuccessful, his first son dies of tb at age of 15, his daughter Elizabeth IElizabeth I- proper ruling queen, keeps and saves the country from European countries by not marrying, this gives her lots of powerCharles I- wants to be an absolute monarch, fail and gets head chopped off, 1st king to be executed, succeeded by James IOliver Cromwell- puritan, hates Catholics, lord protector of puritan, interregnum-only time no king or queenCharles II- succeeds Oliver Cromwell, wants to be absolute monarch, and invites William and MaryJames II- succeeds Charles IIWilliam and Mary- constitutional Monarch, abide law of stateB. placesFrance-know the locationParis-know the locationBerlin-know the locationVienna-know the locationEngland-know the locationLondon -know the locationNetherlands-know the locationC. termsHuguenots- French Protestants“Paris is well worth a mass”-in the notes aboveEdict of Nantes- toleration for Protestants, Henery IVAbsolutism/Absolute Monarch-mainly in FranceDivine Right of kings- how the kings are justified, challenged in the enlightenment periodIntendants-set up by cardinalsMercantilism- contribution by ColbertStanding Army- 100 years’ war, cavalry was switched backed to foot soldiersPrivateer- legal pirates that helped out Elizabeth I, she influenced them to attack on SpainGloriana-Elizabeth 1stLord Protector- Oliver CromwellThe Restoration- Charles 2nd Constitutional monarchs- William and Mary were the first onesd.EventsHundred year wars…..explains itselfWar of roses- Richard IIIWar of La Fronde- Greek civil war Louis XIV ruling, upset because of riotsRevocation of the Edict of Nantes- Under Louis XIVThirty Years War- 1618-1648 war mainly because of Religious conflicts Protestants vs. CatholicsEnglish Civil War- between Charles I and parliament, Oliver Cramwell defeats him which leads to Trial and execution of Charles IChapter 18 3.a.peopleAristole-greek philosopher, geocentric universeNicholas Copernicus- polish scientist, heliocentric universeTycho Brahe- guy with moose- looked at sky for 20 years, collects dataJohannes Kepler- John Kepler, proves world is helio-centric with maps of planets revolving around the sun, and that planets move in ellipse, and at different speedsGalileo Galilei- with telescope sees universe, put on trial by popeIssac Newton- Laws of Gravity, and motion, math and scienceBaron de Montesquieu-criticized Persian letters, which criticized the governmentVoltaire- enlightened philosopher, convinced kings to be good rulersThe Marquise de Chatelet- woman who translated Latin to French for Issac newton’s stuffDenis Deiderot- wrote first encyclopediaJean-Jacus Rousseau- Early Childhood educators, feelings, emotions, concept (General Will) which ran the constitutional monarchyFrederick the Great- king of Prussia, friend of Voltaire, almost enlightened monarchLouis XV---he came….know the orderLouis XVI--then he came….know the orderRene de Maupeou---then finally he did…..know the orderB. placesFrance- know the locationParis-Know the locationThe Bastille- know the location, prison in Paris, Voltaire in this prisonBerlin-know the locationSt. Petersberg- capital of RussiaC. termsThe 10 heavenly spheres- crystal spheres stuck on planets, Aristole made thisOn the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543) - book by Nicholas Copernicus, about heliocentric universeInductive Reasoning- new exciting thinking about evidencetheoryDeductive Reasoning- Old way of thinking, theory than take away the evidence that doesn’t apply, not a good idea for scienceReason- Goddess FigureThe Enlightenment- time of great thought, new political theoriesThe Philosophes- great enlightenment thinkersPersian Letters (1721) -Montesquieu’s bookThe Encyclopedia- attempt to gather human knowledge in one placeThe General Will- Rousseau contribution of government that they should listen toEnlightened despotism- absolute monarch should desperate rule bas on the