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UB UGC 112 - Lecture 8 Islamic States Turkey, Persia, and India

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Islamic States: Turkey, Persia, and IndiaOutline:- Recap the rise of Islam- Ottoman empire - Safavid empire- Mughal empire- Cultural change and exchangeRise of Islam- Muhammad- Mecca and Medina- Islam= submission to submit to god- Muslims = those who submit to godo Split: Sunni-secular and spiritual separate Shiites- secular and spiritual together in descendant of MuhammadOther forces move in:- Mongols- Turks-nomadic people- Tumur/Tamerlane (1336-1405)- Samarkand=capital- 3 main empires emergeo Ottomano Safavido MughalOttoman Empire- Seljuk Turks- predecessors- Osman/Utahman (1299-1326)= foundero Leader of the ghazis=frontier raiderso Conquest over parts of Byzantine empire Anatolia, Balkanso Conquest no OBILITERATION- Sultan Mehmet 2o 1451-1481 1453- Constantinople fallso Becomes Istanbul- Expand into the Middle East and North Africa- Suleiman 1 o “The magnificent”  1520-1566- Widest geographical extent (Cyprus and Bagdad) Peace of Augsburg- recognition for Lutheran Protestants Reformed the political bureaucratic, and financial system “the Law giver”- Fading o Treaty of Karlowitz 1699o Tsar Nicholas 1 “the sick man of Europe” 1922-falls- Centralized political system:o Sultano Provincial governorso Police officerso Military generalo Heads of treasurieso Viziers (chief assistants to governors)- Slaveryo Devishirme- sultan’s agents search countryside for Christian boys to become slaveso Janissaries- elite army corpso Timar- land held by a noble during his lifetimeo Concubines-sultan did not marrySafavid Empire in Persia- Isma’il o (1487-1524o Shah-king- 3 sources of power:o Qizillbash- “redheads”- Turkish Sufis (Islamic mystics)o Urban bureaucrats- Shi’a faith –state religiono Isma’il- descendent of Muhammad o Persecuted and exiled Sunni Ulama – religious scholars who interpret the Qur’anand the sunna, the deeds and saying of Muhammad- Shah Abbaso (1587-1629)o Moved capital from Qazvin to Isfahano Captured Baghdad, Mosul and DiarbakrMughal Empire in India- Babur o 1483-1530o Foundero 1504-captures Kabulo 1526- defeated sultan of Delhi at Panipat- Akbaro (1556-1605)o Expansionist policieso Persian =official languageo Centralized bureaucracy (4 ministers) Finance and revenue The army and intelligence The judiciary and religious patronage The imperial household- Jahangir-(1605-1628o Bengal- Shah Jahan (1628-1658)o Northwest frontier- Aurangzeb (1658-1707)o Southern IndiaCultural change and exchange Carpet makingo Shah Abbas A national industry Isfahan 25,000 weavers Miniature paintingo Akbar 24,000 books Cities and palaceso Suleiman “the magnificent” Istanbulo Mimar sinana Designed 312 buildings Suleimaniye mosqueo Shah Jahan Taj Mahal Gardenso Prayer meditation leisure and revelry Intellectual advanceso Mathematics geographyo Astronomy medicineo Piri reis Book of the seao Abu Ahmet Celebi Study on kidney and bladder stones Founded the first ottoman medical school Coffee houseso Origins-Yemen Sufis Business lubricant Conversation and male


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UB UGC 112 - Lecture 8 Islamic States Turkey, Persia, and India

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