Islamic States: Turkey, Persia, and IndiaOutline:- Recap the rise of Islam- Ottoman empire - Safavid empire- Mughal empire- Cultural change and exchangeRise of Islam- Muhammad- Mecca and Medina- Islam= submission to submit to god- Muslims = those who submit to godo Split: Sunni-secular and spiritual separate Shiites- secular and spiritual together in descendant of MuhammadOther forces move in:- Mongols- Turks-nomadic people- Tumur/Tamerlane (1336-1405)- Samarkand=capital- 3 main empires emergeo Ottomano Safavido MughalOttoman Empire- Seljuk Turks- predecessors- Osman/Utahman (1299-1326)= foundero Leader of the ghazis=frontier raiderso Conquest over parts of Byzantine empire Anatolia, Balkanso Conquest no OBILITERATION- Sultan Mehmet 2o 1451-1481 1453- Constantinople fallso Becomes Istanbul- Expand into the Middle East and North Africa- Suleiman 1 o “The magnificent” 1520-1566- Widest geographical extent (Cyprus and Bagdad) Peace of Augsburg- recognition for Lutheran Protestants Reformed the political bureaucratic, and financial system “the Law giver”- Fading o Treaty of Karlowitz 1699o Tsar Nicholas 1 “the sick man of Europe” 1922-falls- Centralized political system:o Sultano Provincial governorso Police officerso Military generalo Heads of treasurieso Viziers (chief assistants to governors)- Slaveryo Devishirme- sultan’s agents search countryside for Christian boys to become slaveso Janissaries- elite army corpso Timar- land held by a noble during his lifetimeo Concubines-sultan did not marrySafavid Empire in Persia- Isma’il o (1487-1524o Shah-king- 3 sources of power:o Qizillbash- “redheads”- Turkish Sufis (Islamic mystics)o Urban bureaucrats- Shi’a faith –state religiono Isma’il- descendent of Muhammad o Persecuted and exiled Sunni Ulama – religious scholars who interpret the Qur’anand the sunna, the deeds and saying of Muhammad- Shah Abbaso (1587-1629)o Moved capital from Qazvin to Isfahano Captured Baghdad, Mosul and DiarbakrMughal Empire in India- Babur o 1483-1530o Foundero 1504-captures Kabulo 1526- defeated sultan of Delhi at Panipat- Akbaro (1556-1605)o Expansionist policieso Persian =official languageo Centralized bureaucracy (4 ministers) Finance and revenue The army and intelligence The judiciary and religious patronage The imperial household- Jahangir-(1605-1628o Bengal- Shah Jahan (1628-1658)o Northwest frontier- Aurangzeb (1658-1707)o Southern IndiaCultural change and exchange Carpet makingo Shah Abbas A national industry Isfahan 25,000 weavers Miniature paintingo Akbar 24,000 books Cities and palaceso Suleiman “the magnificent” Istanbulo Mimar sinana Designed 312 buildings Suleimaniye mosqueo Shah Jahan Taj Mahal Gardenso Prayer meditation leisure and revelry Intellectual advanceso Mathematics geographyo Astronomy medicineo Piri reis Book of the seao Abu Ahmet Celebi Study on kidney and bladder stones Founded the first ottoman medical school Coffee houseso Origins-Yemen Sufis Business lubricant Conversation and male
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