ABSOLUTE MONARCHYDynasty -> Parliamentl->Ruling family in this case Turders and SquaresEngland in 1500 had been through 2 big wars if the eras after 1340’s1. 100 year wara. 1340’s -1450’s2. Civil wara. Wars of Rosesi. 1455-1487 with gapsii. Wars between varies points of the ruling Henery Tudur1. Meanwhile the merchants and guildsmen are a growing power in parliament by the early 17th century a. Beginning to control monarchs firstHenry works to:1. Cement his family Position2. Build up the economy of England (and of Henery)3. Build an English navy4. Building an international power structure (married his older son Parker to Catherine of Aragod- Daughter of Issebella and Ferdinanda. Unfortunately Arthur dies very youngHenery 7 Succeeded by second son-1. Hennery 8th a. Worried about successioni. Succession based upon 1. Power2. Networking3. Divine rightb. Henery goes through 6 wives and mistressesc. He wants son but what happens if wife doesn’t give him oned. First wife was Captain of Erahoni. Henery a daughter1. Marrye. When pope doesn’t agree to divorce, Henery 8th divorces the popei. Finds his own church with self at the head (assisted by the Archbishop ofCanterbury)f. Second wifei. Ann Boleyne- she gets executed for adultery1. Gets a daughter Elizabeth the firstg. Third wife i. Jane Seymore- she does while giving child1. Gives him sona. Edward the 6th to be h. Fourth wifei. Anne of Cleves-divorcedi. Catherine Howard- executed j. Catherine Parri. Outlives Henery2. Edward the 6th who dies at 15 and so the succession problem continueda. Left throne to cousin Lady Jain Greyi. But power lobby pushed for his half-sister Mary, she gets crowned Lady Jane loses headb. In meantime i. Parliament slowly gains economic powerii. England increasingly becomes international trading power1. Will soon-by end of 16th centurya. Begin world exploration and colonizationc. Marry at Edward’s death, she becomes queen and there’s immediately a large problemi. Henery 8th had a split from the church ii. Founded his own church (new prayer book- Bible in English)iii. Dissolved monasteries and pocketed the prophetsiv. She = extreme catholic and tries to restore old religionv. Also Marries England’s biggest enemy, Philip the second from Spainvi. Marry dies before succeeding and her successor 1. More moderate2. Smarter politically3. Elizabeth the first a. First great progandist in modern times with the help of painters and poets becomes an almost mythical figure i. “gloriana”ii. She holds a rainbow…..power of the elementsb. Without money or soldiers or many ships she fought the Spanish for years most combat on the sea or in the Netherlandsc. Edward helped the Dutch withi. Contributionsii. Volunteersiii. Privateers(pirates with a license)iv. Armada portrait shows the world, so powerful plays world with a yoyod. But Edward never marriedi. No heirii. Her first cousin once removed1. James Stewart (James the 6th Scotland)a. Becomes James the 1st of Englandi. He has sonsii. Charles 1st 1. Makes trouble right awaya. Wants to be absolute monarchb. Wants to run the church and is very conservativec. Resents the power of parliament and fight with itd. Brings civil war from 1642-1651e. is captured and tried and executed January 1649iii. Interregnum1. Parliament this is one of the parliament generalsiv. “Lord Protcton”v. And his son Richardvi. Then return of Dynasty Charles the second1. Smart enough to offer pardons all around 2. No legit heirs just lots of bastards so his young brothers becomes king b. James 2i. But quickly alienates parliament and is replaced by his own daughter and son in lawii. William and Marryiii. First constitutional Monarchs to gain crown, swore: not the owners of England but its first servantsGovernment is