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UB UGC 112 - Lecture 20 The Republic

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The Republic- 1783-1914o 1783 still a loose collection of 13 colonies to be ruled by : The Articles of Confederation- Gives almost all power to the states-o No way for the federal government to raise revenue No navy Tiny army (maybe 100?) No central currency- Without control of revenues and currencyo Economy wobbles- Economic stabilization Danger to western settlers from Native Americans Danger on sea from other nations (France 1790’s )- Pirates especially Mediterraneano Barbary pirates- 1787 A group of “concerned citizens” met in Philadelphia to discuss reform o Some from government in NYo Some private citizenso Called the constitutional convention Needed approval - Government in NY- Of at least 9 stateso New operating document –shift of power towards the federal governmento Central currencyo Central armyo Central navyo Methods for raising federal revenueo Postal system- Slavery in Southo Under the discus at times of ‘states’ and ‘rights’o Even before the American revolution people were moving westward across the mountains- Southerners brought slaves and hoped that new states to be - Would be ‘slave states’ 1803-napolean sold territory west of Mississippi- To us for $12,000,000 Adds to problem - new stateso slave or free- Freeo Maine: but this is only temporary- Slaveo Missouri Meanwhile Mexico has - Gotten its freedom from Spain- More territory than people (especially tot eh northeast)- Has major debts- Has endless civil wars  Invites settlers from U.S.- Settlers musto Leave slaves behindo Become Catholicso Became Mexican citizens- New waves of citizens o Neglected o 1835-1836 fought to take Tejas away from Mexican government But government sent Santa Anna with army in January 1836 and local rebels lost every battle but lost on - San Tacinto- Texas independent countryo 1836-1845o 1845 Texas joined the US but war with Mexicoo And treaty which gave us the whole southwest and Californiao So now even more land for the slave vs. free debate- North: industrializing pop: 22,000,000, large immigrant population- South: still rural 9,000,000 (1/3 Slaves), almost no immigrant population- This all leads up to election of 1860-o Winner : Abraham Lincoln - December of 1860 South Carolina left the Uniono Joined soon by 10 other states- Became the confederate states of America 1861-1865 ends with southern defeat- Post war reconstruction o Pushes south backwards o But whole country moves westwardso By 1898 U.S. full People begin to look elsewhere Colonies? By 1900 US has Cuba and Puerto Rico and


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UB UGC 112 - Lecture 20 The Republic

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