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UB UGC 112 - Later African Kingdoms East and West

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Later African Kingdoms East and WestThe Portuguese travel along the western and eastern Africa coasts in th 1400’s and 1500’s- They dominated the trans-saharan gold trade- Major players in the slave tradeSenegambia- Named after the two dominant rivers Senegal and GambiaSocieties and languages in Senegambia- Stateless societiesm with difined social classes - Wolof chief with his griot- (History of the society)Wolof speakers- They had clearly defined classes; royalty and nnobility, warriors, peasents- Nobility elected king , head of own troops- He appointed village chiefs- Acquired revenue from chiefs ,import/ export duties , tributes from conqured enemiesSenegambia’s stateless socities were based upon age grade systems- Age-grades were group of teenage males and females whom the society initiated into adulthoodat the same time- All people born within a certain period linked together by the facts (sorts of mini-generations)Benin:1. 1400’s-1500’s raise of the benin kingdom2. Monarchy run by OBA (organized higheracrhial state)3. At its height its capital benin city was huge4. First visited by portugese in 14855. Benin kingdom lasted until the 1800’s6. Their greatest art lay their metal working by the lost-wax processKingdoms of Sudan:- Kingdoms of Songhay, Kanem –Bornu, and city states of Hausaland (inland Sudan)- Under Mohammed Toure, Songhay spread from Gao, the capital, to east and west, walling up Timbuktuo Mohammed Toure coverted to islam He rebuilt royal army and reorganized tax collecting Replaced local officials with Arab ones He founded a dynaty which lasted through 9 kings but only 3 out of 9 kings died of natural causes Kanem-Bonu- To the eas of songhayo King Idris Alooma built a standing army and equipped with firearms and camel mounted calvary deafeated locals with spears- Hausalando Between sonhay and Kanem Bornuo It was never an empire or kingdomo Hausa merchants carrued on trade in slaves and kola nutso City states the kano and katsina roseSociety in western Africa: Women and children- Wives and children were highly desired because- They could clear and cultivate the land- They brough pretiage, social support and security in old ageFor this reason:- The major goal of society in West Africa was the production of children(“without children your are nake”)- Men gained number of wives(Poligamy was the norm)- Tensions between male generations- Emphasis on male virilty and femal fertilitySoceity in western Africa, Work- Unlike Europe, there was abundance of land- Large sections of the region lightly populated- The portugeese introduced maize, sweet potatoes and ….diseasesThere was not abundance of manufacture- Some metal work- Local cloth- Sime spices- Salt- Everything was on a pre-industrial levelEthopia- Ethopia survived as Christian Coptie- Islamic invasion from South- Helped by portugeese- Then portugeese wanted conversion to Catholicism- Then other local peoples strugulled with Ethiopians- Jesuits were explelled in 1633The Swahili city-state- Independent Islamic towns inhabited by the swahhili “people of the coast”- Vasco De Gama arrived in 1498 and throughout the 1500’s the portugeese attacked each town inturn. Local people became slaves- The Dutch and the British took control of this area later and sominated the slave


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UB UGC 112 - Later African Kingdoms East and West

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