Review Exam 2 FilledPeople:Portuguese: 1400 got away from Spain, capture gourde and took over slave trade in Africa. In 1450 captures Ceuta, they circumnavigated around Africa by going through Sahara Dessert which was 1000 miles long which took 3 monthsPlaces:Sahara: know where it isSenegambia: provided the most slaves in trans-Atlantic slave tradeThe Middle Passage: 10 million slaves, also known as trans-Atlantic slave tradeCuba:TermsSlavery: Explains itselfFreedmen: Romans would allow slaves to buy freedom or give freedom also known as LibertiesSugar: Lots in West Indies, European’s make money by this also making people rich5 Million: Number of Slaves transported through Trans Saharan route10 Million: Number of slaves transported through the “Middle Passage” also known as trans-atlantic slave routeChapter 20:Mongols: Located in the North-east of China, 1100-1400Ad moved west and south, captured south of AsiaSeljuk Turks: Turkish speaking people from turkey to south East Asia, Never United fought other Persiansand also among themselvesUthman/Osman: Northern Province, founding father of Ottoman EmpireOttoman Turks: People in the Ottoman EmpireMehmet II: Also known as the Sultan- conquered Constantinople and renamed it to Istanbul, also known as “Sultan of Rome”Constantine IX: The last Byzantine Emperor who lost the empire to Mehmet IISuleyman the Magnificent: Sultan of a high point in history, conquered Italy Tsar Nicholas I: of Russia, his empire known as the “Sick man of Europe”Ghazan: ill Khan of Turkey, minor Khan, ill Khan of Persia, king of PersiaSafi Al Din: Persian mystic, Sufi, ShitteSafavid Dynasty: Important dynasty, since in this dynasty they had lots of firearms, armies, cannonsIsmail: Shah, King, founder of Safavid DynastyShah Abbas: King, into carpet making 25,000 weaversBarbur the Conqueror: founder of Mughal Empire, captures Kabul, defeated Sultan of Delhi at PannipatHumayun: Barbur’s Son, failed to expandAkbar: Extremely tolerant king had a centralized bureaucracy, had 4 ministers: Finance Revenue, Army and intelligence, judiciary and religious patronage. During his time they had 24,000 booksShah Jahan: Controlled the northwest frontier, built the Taj Mahal for MumtazMumtaz: Taj Mahal was named after her name, built for her by Shah JahanAurangzeb- extremely intolerant takes over family Places:Kosovo: Ottoman gains control of Balkans here, know where it isConstantinople: Know where it isVienna: farthest place where ottomans reached in the battle of EuropeLepanto: Ottoman Empire lost its major sea battle hereCrete: know the placePersia: Know the placeAfghanistan: know the placeKabul: Mughal Empire, know the placeIndus River: know the placeGanges River: know the placeGoa, Bombay, Madras, Calcutta: cities/ports that belonged to the British imperialists to get foothold of tradeTerms:Islam: A religion that was later split into two, “Submission to God”Muslim: followers of Islam, Those who submit to GodSunni: Believed the Secular and religion should be separateShitte: Believed that secular and spiritual should be together and should be descendant of MohammadDevshirme: where ottomans took Christians children and kept themSultan: leader of the Ottoman EmpireTimar: a piece of land given to the noble by the Sultan“The sick Man of Europe”: Nicholas IIlKhan: Governor of PersiaKizilbas-Red Heads, they wear red hats, special type of soldier for Ismail who is the founder of safavidShah: ruler of PersiaMughal: Barbur found themTaj Mahal- building for Mumtaz built by Shah JahanCotton Cloth- major trade good in IndiaSillim: process for making cotton, 1. Bring raw cotton and give to village, 2. Village makes cotton into dye cotton, 3. Merchant sell this for new CottonFactory Fort- Goa, Bombay, madras, Calcutta, all trading ports exchange Indian good for cash/ European goodsSepoy- Indian soldiers working for British, 3 Services: Civil Service, puppet princes, Bureaucrat systemEvents:Battle of Kosovo: 1389 Ottoman win control over Balkans EuropeTaking of Constantinople: 1453 time period full of cannons and artilleryTreaty of Karlowitz: 16990 Ottoman Empire Banning territory in Europe, “Only Greece”Mongol Invasions: They conquer like crazy in the 13th centuryBabur’s Invasion of northwest India: considered him Turkish but actually a MoghulBritish gradual control of India: through the 3 servicesChapter 21Mongols: from Mongolia, “North China”Hong Wu: founder of Ming Dynasty in 1386, he started out as a peasantManchu: servants of Hong WuPlaces:China: know where it isManchuria: North of Korea, know where it isBeijing: know where it isTerms:Yuan Dynasty: 1271-1368, not Chinese controlled, can’t assemble, not allowed weapons, and spread curfewMing Dynasty: peasant revolt resulted in this around 1368Confucianism: Hong Wu uses to centralize based on Higher-acrhiesHierarchies: work well with imperial stateEunuch officials: Fit with Hong Wu, they could not have childrenEmbroidered Brocade: type of cloth embedded with pictures, mainly for Hong Wu’s guards, he trusted them more than bureaucratsBureaucracy: china has it and are willing to use itExam System: part of Bureaucracy 1000 people take and only 1-2% passChampa: Rice which helped increased the harvest by doubling the amount of food, more food=more populationGreat Wall: Made to stop Manchu’sQing Dynasty: Ming general, massive Manchu revolts in 1644-1912, controlled native ChineseEvents:Overthrow of the Yuan Dynasty by Hong Wu: self-explained aboveInvasion of China by the Manchu: Explained in Qing DynastyChapter 22People: Louis XV: Ruled France and spent tons of money on mistressesLouis XVI: very weak, not smart, loses control of absolute monarchyMarie Antoinette: From Austria, everyone hates her she is the wife and queen of Louis XVIMarquis de La Fayetter- French officer becomes a general to help Americans gain independence, outlivesrevolutionPlacesFrance: know where it isParis: know where it isEngland: know where it isBoston: know where it isTerms:Notables: Representatives, “Estates General:Estates General: legislative counsel in France not called for 150 years, Louis 16th calls themThe three Estates: 1.Church, 2. Nobles, 3. everyone else, everyone has voiceMercantilism: state control economyHonorable East India Company: British Company monopolies on tea, High price and tax leads to Boston tea Party and American RevolutionTea: Self ExplanatoryParliament of Paris: advisory council not let Louis 16th