THE RENAISSANCEChurch->King->Nobles->Lesser nobles -> Free holders –> peasants-> serfsLesser Nobles1. Wealth was based upon land (nobles)2. New money based upon trade merchants (Guilds)a. Early trade unionsi. Training price qualitiesMerchants and Guilds- Based in towns- Some towns becoming so wealthy that they become semi-independent- Bought liberties from kings and could afford to pay for their own defense- Some people so rich and powerful they become city-states- Ex. Florence- Italy was not one country, more like a kingdom- Northern Italy Nobles with land began to merry merchant and guild families producing urban-nobility Signori Venice 84,000 population 200 signori- Popoli Florence- 40,000 pop- 600 signori- Signori not only showed off bling but also culture- Wealth bought - Poets- Artists- Scholars- Philosophers- These people formed the base of Renaissance- (Reawakening, Rebirth)- People not only imitated the classical period but they adapted it This brings a new way of thinking called Humanism- Unlike medieval god centered study, man becomes the focus- Bling (in a religious sense was important- What gave people in Florence the cash for bling Wool Money-lendingRomney sheep*****Fillipo Buridice- Achieved to make a dome using Greek technology1600- Maria Dem Medici Married (Twice)- Married Henery 4th-king of France- Second wedding as Lyon-an opera Performedo Was brand new Jacopop Peris Euridice Based on ancient Greek tragedy But new ideas can be dangerous, threatening Some in the church begin to question church behavior Begin to protesto Protestants and Martin Luther (Germany)o John Calvin (Switzerland)- Era of religious warso 1550-1650- Stabilityo With increasing stability trade grows in western Europe and towns with merchants and guilds get rich Luxury items- From south and east transit Saharan tradeo Goldo Ivory o Slaveso Some spices- South and easto Porcelain o Silko Spices- Luxury goods require many Middle Meno Meant extra expense Trade routes interruptions about 1400 AD rise of the Ottoman Empire, blocked trade west of ottoman after atwar with the west. Camphor-moth ball preserving of clothes Sugar, sandalwood, brass, black pepper The east- Two economieso Food (domestic)o Export Main Transportation- Shipping point is Malaka (southern Maylay peninsula) Meanwhile in the Iberian Peninsula- Portugal is free of Spain - Portugueseo Take over trans-Saharan trade in gold ivory, slaves, some spiceso Explore route to indies around Africa- 1415 ado Captures forthold in North Africa Ceuta Portuguese have 3 big elements to help them- New kind of ship (Caravel-combination of (Medieval Merchant ship and Gally)) and Mediterranean Warship- Navigational Equipmento Magnetic compass Astrolobe- Shipboard Altilitry Took port- a good part of 15th century before they turned corner of Africa and reached the west coast of India- Vasco Da Gauma By about 1550 port controlled export trade to west –meanwhile Spanish- In 1492o Spanish had Finally pushed out Muslims (1st invader 1471 AD) Become single under- Isabella and Ferdinand but countryo Pooro Full of weaponso Number of soldiers- Cristoferdinand appeared at court with plano Sail west 300 miles to the indies About after month of sailing and nor Portuguese 9000 more miles and found lots of land in way 1st Caribbean Islands- Mainland’s central .South America- Not indies, But Rich Farmland and Labor- But later Spaniards discovered mainland and hit Jackpoto Aztec, Incan empires So two big money matters won sugar from Caribbean islands- Silver from mines in central and south Americao But silver canes with price Ambitious Spain burn itself out but trying to dominate Europe Too much silver floods market causing silver inflation from Spain to Oninao Globalization starts a lot earlier than when we think but more