Chapter 22PeopleLouis XVI- king of France 1774-1793, during the French revolution he lost his head on January 17th, tried to escape the country when on house arrest; his picture was on the CoinMarie Antoinetter- Queen of France, also lost her head in October 1793, does not like Austrian peopleRobespierre- Head of Committee of public safety, 1793-1794, also losses his head Napoleon I- Military man, trained in artillery, wins battle against British and France, overthrows government in 1799, 1804 becomes an emperor, becomes a brigadier then a general, 1814 sent to Alba but comes back and is defeated at Waterloob. PlacesFrance- know the place on mapParis-know the place on mapc. TermsBastille- becomes a political prison, July 14th 1789 mob captures it too looks for ammunitionNational Assembly- a legislative body, 3rd estate walks out and forms this at a tennis court for an oathConstitutional Monarch- (really don’t need to know this) - Louis XVI is a figure head “Mountain Men/Jacobians”- Robespierre creates this, “Yelling from the Top”“Men of the Plain/Girondisted”- want to get rid of kings, revolutionariesCommittee of Public Safety- Robespierre creates this, body of 9 men, executive branch of French government; if you didn’t agree with them you were killedThe Reign of Terror- At least 40 thousand people died due to the guillotineGuillotine- thought to be a faster way of killing people and thought to be more human even thou people blinked after head was chopped off(14 times)The Directory- After committees of public safety, 5 man body, relatively weak, overthrown by NapoleonThe French Revolution/Napoleonic Wars, 1792-1815- A change in goals, French declare war because theythink kings should not rule any country, “Spread the revolution”The Battle of Waterloo- June 18th 1815 Napoleon losses to Duke and losses the battleChapter 23a. PeopleCharles Lord Townshend-“Turnip Townshend” was his nicknameJames Hargreaves- Part of industrial revolution, created the spinning JennyRichard Arkwright- developed power that was powered by water, Water frameJames Watt- new type of power, Steam, Steam engines were used in minesb. PlacesThe Netherlands- know this place on the mapEngland- know this place on the mapc. TermsRevolution- there was French revolution, industrial revolution, some political, philosophy and Hungarian revolutionDyke- Dutch introduce this method of claiming land from sea by using damsSluice- using pumps to pump out water for agricultureThe Agricultural Revolution and the Industrial Revolution- both in England, innovation in agriculture and industryEnclosure Acts- Used to increase agriculture produceHighland Clearances- claiming land to use for farming, sheep for farming in Scotland, people lost land and had to move to cities due to thisCommon Land- trying to claim more land, use it for firewood and other usesSpinning Jenny- machine that spun wool to threadSteam Power- new power introduced in the industrial revolution, could be used anywhere and no need for fixed geographical location unlike water poweredSpinster and weavers- traditional way of making cloth in England, 5 spinsters per weaver to make cloth, but when change in technology occurred they lost their jobsIndustrialist- people investing in machines, and technology, become powerful and rich peopleLiberal- reformers, improve factory conditions through legal changeBlue Books- making reports to government about the “state of the factory”The combination Acts of 1799(repealed 1824) - making harder conditions for factory workers since they are not allowed to have unions anymoreThe Factory of 1833 and The Mines Act of 1842- passed by liberals for better conditions for women and childrenPeterloo-1819 after defeat at saint peterfield Manchester, labor force trying to strike and this resulted to a massacreChapter 24a. PeopleClemens, Prince Metternich- precedes at the congress in Vienna in which they divided countriesClemens Brentano and Achim vonArnim- early romantics collect German folksongs and publish themThe grim Brothers- collect and publish fairytales Caspar David Friedrich- romantic painter, Boyd’s favorite, dark pictures mainly about deathLudwig van Beethoven- Greatest of romantic song composersCharles Fourrier- founder of utopianism movementKarl Marx- he created philosophies, believed in communism that people should live together and shares in common but did not work Louis Philippe- king of France overthrown, congress of Vienna puts Louis 18th on throneNapoleon III- Napoleon Nephew, created Cout de’ Tat in 1852- cleaned Paris and knocked down streetsOtto Von Bismarck- “Walloruous Mustache”, prime minister of PrussiaGuiseppe GariBaldi- unifies working class of farmers and meet’s victor’s armyWilliam declared Kizar- hall of mirrors at William to be kizer of Germany b. PlacesSpain-Know the placeRussia-Know the placeLondon-Know the placeAustria-Know the placeVienna-Know the placeGermany-Know the placeItaly-Know the place, used to contain little independent statesRome -Know the placeParis-Know the placec. TermsStrum Und Drang/Storm and stress- early Romantic Movement in Germany, interested in high emotionsRomanticism- 1707-1807, high emotions like death, dark strong emotionsDas Volk- Common people of Germany tell folk tale and songsThe Young man’s Magic Horn (Des Knaben Wunderhoen), 1806-1808- collection of German folk songsChildren’s and Domestic Wonder Tales (Kinder and Hausmaerchen), 1812- 2nd collection of folk tales, fairy talesNationalism- movement about national identity, helped creating Germany and ItalyHarpsichord- Everyone’s general favorite instrumentFortepiano- Instrument made up of strings, Cecil- Batoveen’s most favorite instrumentLiberalism- movement of people changing system from withinUtopianism- movement to create certain living conditions, “Ideal conditions” not working wellBourgeoisie- upper middle class based upon Karl max’s philosophyProletariat- working class based upon Karl Marx’s PhilosophyThe Congress of Vienna creates- the balance of power- no big country should be able to overpower another The German Confederation- product of congress of Vienna main result, little small German countries were createdThe corn Laws- members of the parliament said grain can’t be imported so this led to famine since overgrowing of certain crops eventually repealedWars of Italian Unification- wars where Victor united the countryThe Franco-Prussian War- napoleon III