SCIENCE IN REVOLTAstronomy in the revolution*White text write downMedical Universe- Geocentric(Earth is at the center)- Top hollow sphered o Moono Suno 5 planets (mercury, venus, marso 2 movable startso Fixed starts- Outside Heaven - Moving in harmony- Made up of 4 elementso Earth fire water air and sometimes woodo Come in two types Light elements- Air and fire Heavy elements- Earth and watero The spheres are made out of a 5th element  Quintessence- Aristoleo Believed in Geocentric (earth in the center)o Uniform Circular motion All the celestial bodies- Move in perfect circle - Always move the same speed- No one contradicted him for thousand easy- Ptolemaic Universeo Refined Aristrotlian modelo 10 clestial sphereso Round earth Measured by Eratostheneso Epicycles- Math problemso Position of the planes is unpredictable The ancient could predict the positions of the planets mathematically, but wasant very accurate Retrogade motion Epicycles spinning along the path- Ptolemaic universe and the churcho Accepted the Ptolemaic modelo Added Heaven beyond the 10th circleo Celestial sphere pushed by angelso Became accepted as doctrine- Great chain of beingo Main is God’s greatest creation Man must be at the center of the Universe Lives on earth so….o Earth is the center of the universe- More math problemso Still can’t quite predict the position of the planetso Because one needs infinite number of epicycles not possible so this model does not reflect - Nicholas Copernicuso Polish scientisto Catholic Clergymano Lived 1473-1543o Published findings on his death bedo De revolutions orbium coelestium On the revolution of the celestial spheres- Says the universe is heliocentric- The sun is at the center of the universe- Based on another greek theory- Major change- All findings were theoreticalo No proof Heliocentric universe- Sun is in the center - Planets move around it- Still sphere fixed stars- Put the planets in the correct order Published De Revolutionibus Orbium COlestium- Contradic Aristotle- Contradicts church doctrineo Is man still the center of creationo Is the church fallible- Banned in 1616o Almost 75 years after it was published- Changeable universeo Church says that universe is finished Cannot changeo In 1572, a new star Actually a supernova- Tychi Braheo 1546-1601o Danish Astronomero Affected by supernovao Observed sky for 20 years Used naked eye The rudolfine tables Dies before he could do anything with his observations- Johannes Keplero 1571-1630o Student of Brahe In herited rudofine tbales Mathematician Publish finding in 1609- Astronomia Nova (new astronomy)- Kepler’s universeo Heliocentrico Orbits of planets are ellipticalo Don’t move at uniform speed The planets move backward because the earth is faster and passes them Solves the math problemo The historical models of planetary motion- Galileo Galileio 1564-1642o Italian noblemano Started as a theologiano Astromian- New scientific methodo The old method Theory Hypothesis Observation Confirmationo The new method Oberservation  Pattern Tentative hypothesis Theory- Discovery of the telloscopeo Galileo was the first to use it for star gazingo Invented around 1608 in Netherlandso Magnified 30 times- What he sawo Jupitar and it’s moon Callisto Ganymede Lo Europso Things orbit around other things, not earth- What else he sawo The phases of the moono Phases of venus Could only happen if venus is orbiting the suno The imperfections of the moon- Identified the milky way-(bright band of stars our galaxy)- Found sun spots with a helioscope- Dialogue concerning the two chief world systemso Published in 1632o Compares Copernican (helioscentric system) with the traditional Ptolemaic (geocentric) systemo Very dismissive even derogatory toward the Ptolemaic- Heresyo Pervious guys weren’t a threato Galileo was Nobel Catholic Italian Easy to understando Arrested by church in 1634 Sentenced to death Commuted to house arrest- Doesn’t stop scienceo The universe can be changed by scientific thought Hierachy of spheres disporvedo Maybe so can human hierarchies How divine is divine rule Is the obility really superior to the common