Industrial Revolutions 2“Owner and Owned”- Before the mid-18th Centuryo England was almost entirely rural agricultural- But then came the changeo England begins to become the commercial empire Increasing demand for English exports - Cloth in particularo Problem of demand vs. supply Supply-spinsters (3-5) weavers per weavero Increase supply through more and more machinery (eventually water powered) puts original suppliers out of work as well, farmers and farmworkers replaced by- enclosure-England - clearances- Scotland producing large class of unemployed - some migrate to English speaking colonies and countries - others move to cities to work in mills old rich=landowners- but form the middle ages we see beginnings of wealth based upon tradeo merchantso guildsmen the old landowners are in the upper house of parliament- lords (higher house) but the new wealthy - are initially in the commons (lower house) 1780’s onward New Wealthy Class- Industrialists o Owners of Millso Investors- Begin in commons but in the latter 19th century some get into class of lords- The now unemployed came from the rural agricultural world o Before Lived by the seasons - Outdoor work- Food grown and made at homeo After By Clock Indoor 12 and fourteen hours, 6 days per week imported from who knows where - Water well, best not to ask In the 1830’s and on- Liberals in parliament began to investigate working conditions an do press for change though government reports- bluebooks- 1933 Factory Act- 1842 Mines Acto Moderate attempts to improve working conditions and parliament in hands of industrialisto Workers had great difficulty banding together and resisting it- 1796 Combination Acto Forbade organizing - Even after repeal o Repression= norm Labor in Britain very slowly gains ground- 1819 Manchester o “Peter loo massacre”o Labor will continue struggle as industrialization grows throughout Western Europe and the U.S.o But more to come in future
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