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UB UGC 112 - Lecture 19 America Gains it_s freedom 1800-1929

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America Gains it’s freedom 1800-1929Brazil- Napoleon Bonaparteo Invades Portugal in 1812 Royal family flees to Brazil- Portuguese royal family return in 1821- Viceroy remainso Dom Pedro I 1822-1831 1822 – emperor of brazil- Adopts a Constitution- Opens up Free tradeo Dom Perdo II 1831-1889- Overthrown by military coupo Formed ‘democracy’The Spanish Colonies- Spanish possessionso Large part of southern north Americao All of central Americao Almost all of south America- Social Structure in Spanish colonieso Peninsulares- born in spain with Spanish parents(1st class citizens)o Creoles- both parents are Spanish but born in the new world(2nd class citizens)o Mestizos-half native and half spanisho Mulattos- lowest and half Spanish and half African o Natives-these people came over- Colonies vs. Sapin: Commercialo 1550-1750: colonies develpp independent of Spain Internal trade and productiono 1717-Casa de Contratacion(Board of Trade) Control trade within the colony- Carlos IIIo 1759-1788 Created two new viceroyalties:- New Granada- Rio de la Plata Instituted ‘free trade’- Special benefits for Spanish merchants Simulated overseas economies- Damaged local tradeo Coffe beans, sugar cane, hides, leather, silver production in mexico which was the Spanish currency- Colonies vs. Spain: Law and Ordero Viceroy Council: Audiencia- (made up of peninsulares) Increased defenses= taxes- Problems Brewingo Spanish arrival Natives Christianized and enslavedo Mestizos and Mulattos denied rightso Creoles denied powero 1793-1815 difficulties sailing to New World- Condorcanqui (tupac Amaru II)o 1780’s –Peru revoltso Combined natives and Castaso Crushed 1781- Viceroyalty of New Grandao Peasants and workers elect Comun Marched on Bogota and won their demands Spanish army gathers and crushes rebelsMeanwhile in Spain 1808- Napoleon replaces Spanish monarch Ferdinand VII with Joseph BonaparteBack in Latin America Second wave of revoltso Soldiers are mestizos and mulattoso Generals are creoleso Simon Bolivaro Jose San Martino Bernardo O Higgins Simon Bolivar meeting Jose San Martin By 1826 all colonies south of Mexico were independento However Creoles in charge Little else changesNeocolonialism After revolutionso Foreign investors arrive Britain and U.S.- late 19th century Build railroads Control industry farming and financeso GunBoat Doplomacy- granting treaty of trade through threatening with arms Slavery fades and labor demands increaseo European immigration encouraged over local laboro But what was happening in North


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UB UGC 112 - Lecture 19 America Gains it_s freedom 1800-1929

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