America Gains it’s freedom 1800-1929Brazil- Napoleon Bonaparteo Invades Portugal in 1812 Royal family flees to Brazil- Portuguese royal family return in 1821- Viceroy remainso Dom Pedro I 1822-1831 1822 – emperor of brazil- Adopts a Constitution- Opens up Free tradeo Dom Perdo II 1831-1889- Overthrown by military coupo Formed ‘democracy’The Spanish Colonies- Spanish possessionso Large part of southern north Americao All of central Americao Almost all of south America- Social Structure in Spanish colonieso Peninsulares- born in spain with Spanish parents(1st class citizens)o Creoles- both parents are Spanish but born in the new world(2nd class citizens)o Mestizos-half native and half spanisho Mulattos- lowest and half Spanish and half African o Natives-these people came over- Colonies vs. Sapin: Commercialo 1550-1750: colonies develpp independent of Spain Internal trade and productiono 1717-Casa de Contratacion(Board of Trade) Control trade within the colony- Carlos IIIo 1759-1788 Created two new viceroyalties:- New Granada- Rio de la Plata Instituted ‘free trade’- Special benefits for Spanish merchants Simulated overseas economies- Damaged local tradeo Coffe beans, sugar cane, hides, leather, silver production in mexico which was the Spanish currency- Colonies vs. Spain: Law and Ordero Viceroy Council: Audiencia- (made up of peninsulares) Increased defenses= taxes- Problems Brewingo Spanish arrival Natives Christianized and enslavedo Mestizos and Mulattos denied rightso Creoles denied powero 1793-1815 difficulties sailing to New World- Condorcanqui (tupac Amaru II)o 1780’s –Peru revoltso Combined natives and Castaso Crushed 1781- Viceroyalty of New Grandao Peasants and workers elect Comun Marched on Bogota and won their demands Spanish army gathers and crushes rebelsMeanwhile in Spain 1808- Napoleon replaces Spanish monarch Ferdinand VII with Joseph BonaparteBack in Latin America Second wave of revoltso Soldiers are mestizos and mulattoso Generals are creoleso Simon Bolivaro Jose San Martino Bernardo O Higgins Simon Bolivar meeting Jose San Martin By 1826 all colonies south of Mexico were independento However Creoles in charge Little else changesNeocolonialism After revolutionso Foreign investors arrive Britain and U.S.- late 19th century Build railroads Control industry farming and financeso GunBoat Doplomacy- granting treaty of trade through threatening with arms Slavery fades and labor demands increaseo European immigration encouraged over local laboro But what was happening in North
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