BIOL 196 1st Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture I. LipidsII. Fatty acidsIII. Double bond classification IV. Health-monounsaturated fats V. Health-polyunsaturated fatsVI. More fatty acid types Outline of Current Lecture I. Health dangers of excessive Trans fatty acidsII. CirculationIII. FDA – proposed ban on trans fatIV. Essential fatty acids – all are polyunsaturated V. Why is fish oil or EPA/DHA so important? VI. Functions of EFA’s (essential fatty acids)Current LectureI. Health dangers of excessive Trans fatty acidsa. Increases risk of heart diseasei. Raises LDL – bad cholesterolii. Lowers HDL – good cholesteroliii. Increases inflammationiv. Bad for arteriesII. Circulationa. Trans fat can be easily found in blood i. Fats make up cell membranes These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. 6 year term- clear conclusions of health effectsIII. FDA – proposed ban on trans fata. 7% saturated fat is 15 g on a 2000 kcal dietb. 20-30% fat intake is actually okay c. However, eat polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatsIV. Essential fatty acids – all are polyunsaturated fatsa. Omega-6 linoleic acidi. Sources: plant oils: corn, soybean, cottonseed, sesame, sunflower, safflowerb. Americans get plenty of active form: arachidonic acidi. We need to make hormones eicosanoidsc. Omega-3 linolenic acidi. DHA; EPA1. In plants: canola oil, soybean oil, flaxseed or (oil), walnutsii. DHA and EPA – in some fish and breast milk; omega-3 eggs; some peanut buttersiii. EPA – eicosapentaenoic acidiv. DHA – docosanexaenoic acid 1. Throughout body, very high amounts in brain and retina2. <5% of what you eat will ever get turned into EPA or DHAa. Even if you eat a “good source”b. Body cannot conform it to DHA or EPA easily c. Better to eat DHA or EPA directly 3. Daily recommendation:a. Men: 1.6g/dayb. Women: 1.1 g/dayv. White albacore tuna is expensive, and has high levels of mercury; yes has 3 times the omega-3 compared to chunk tuna, but chunk tuna has less mercury V. Why is fish oil or EPA/DHA so important?a. Decreased risk of sudden death and arrhythmia, thrombosis (blood clot), triglyceride levels, growth of atherosclerotic plaqueb. Improved arterial healthc. Lower blood pressured. Fish oil may be more sustainable way versus over fishing, it being expensive, not everyone likes fish, etc. VI. Functions of EFA’s (essential fatty acids)a. Part of cell membrane – all cells have a bi-lipid layerb. Eicosanoids: chemical messengers similar to hormonesi. Regulation of blood pressure, blood clotting, immune response, heart rate,
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